Slag resistance mechanism of MgO–Mg2SiO4–SiC–C refractories containing porous multiphase aggregates

The slag resistance of MgO–SiC–C (MSC) refractories should be improved because of the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient between the aggregates and matrix, as well as the defects caused by the affinity between periclase and slag. In this study, MgO–Mg₂SiO₄–SiC–C (MMSC) refractories were prepared using porous multiphase MgO–Mg₂SiO₄ (M-M₂S) aggregates to replace dense fused magnesia aggregates. Compared to MSC, the slag penetration index of MMSC decreased by 43.5%. The structure of the porous aggregates increased the surface roughness, and the multiphase composition of the aggregates decreased the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient with the matrix, thus reducing debonding between the aggregates and matrix. The aggregates and matrix in the MMSC formed an interlocking structure, which bound them more tightly to improve the slag resistance. The slag viscosity at different depths from the initial slag/refractory interface was calculated using the Ribond model. The M-M₂S aggregates increased Si_xO_y^z− in the slag, which increased the slag polymerization and slag viscosity. The aggregates and matrix in the MMSC reacted with the slag to form high melting point phases, which reduced the channel of the slag. In addition, the penetration depth and velocity derived from the Washburn Equation were modified for the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–FeO slag and magnesia based refractory to accurately evaluate slag penetration.     

磷酸化与钙交联处理对刺参胶原聚集体凝胶特性的影响

磷酸化与钙交联是影响刺参胶原聚集体凝胶特性的最重要因素之一。本文通过质构剖面(TPA)实验、应力松弛实验、低场核磁、VG染色等,研究了磷酸化与钙交联凝胶的质构学特征、水分迁移规律、化学键型变化以及胶原纤维特征的改变。结果表明:用2%三聚磷酸钠进行磷酸化对刺参胶原聚集体的凝胶特性有一定的破坏,其黏性、咀嚼性、η1、E1与空白组相比发生明显降低,其结合水含量降低,自由水含量升高,水分活度Aw明显升高;而在磷酸化基础上进行1%Ca Cl2交联则会对刺参胶原聚集体凝胶特性产生明显影响,其硬度及粘性比磷酸化刺参高,水分活度降低,提高了胶原聚集体与水分的结合程度,增强了凝胶性,使得胶原纤维结构更加稳定。与高温高压处理相比较,磷酸化与钙交联处理能够增强刺参胶原聚集体的凝胶特性,为刺参的加工及改性工艺提供了新途径。     

The relationship between squaraine dye surface morphology and sensitization behavior on SnS2 electrodes

Bis(4-dimethylamino-2-dihydroxyphenyl)squaraine (1-1 OHSQ) dyes were deposited on van der Waals surfaces of SnS₂ single crystals by two methods, dipping in a dye solution and evaporation of dye solution. Dye morphologies and photosensitization properties on the same samples were studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoelectrochemical measurements. AFM experiments in air revealed two distinct morphologies of dye aggregates and photocurrent measurements on the same samples in aqueous electrolytes showed correspondingly different photocurrent spectra. Three-dimensional needle-shaped 1-1 OHSQ aggregates aligned along crystal directions and showed a broad excitation spectrum that extended into the near-IR region with a peak around 800 nm. In contrast, flat aggregates presumably consisting of monolayers of 1-1 OHSQ molecules, had a sensitization maximum around 680 nm. Both peaks were red-shifted from absorption peak of 1-1 OHSQ in bulk dichloromethane solution. Spectral differences between these dye aggregates are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions.     

Fractal Dimension of Alumina Aggregates Grown in Two Dimensions

The concepts of fractal geometry are applied to the analysis of 0.4-μm alumina constrained to agglomerate in two dimensions. Particles were trapped at the bottom surface of a drop of a dilute suspension, and the agglomeration process was directly observed, using an inverted optical microscope. Photographs were digitized and analyzed, using three distinct approaches. The results indicate that the agglomerates are fractal, having a dimension of approximately 1.5, which agrees well with the predictions of the diffusion-limited cluster–cluster aggregation model.     

绿色再生混凝土性能研究

绿色再生混凝土是混凝土发展的必然方向。本文通过对不同强度等级绿色再生混凝土工作性和抗压强度进行了试验研究,结果表明,采用再生骨料配制高强再生混凝土是可行的。     

J‐Aggregates of Organic Dye Molecules Complexed with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy Under 915‐nm Light

Recently, the development of nano‐theranostic agents aiming at imaging guided therapy has received great attention. In this work, a near‐infrared (NIR) heptamethine indocyanine dye, IR825, in the presence of cationic polymer, polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), forms J‐aggregates with red‐shifted and significantly enhanced absorbance. After further complexing with ultra‐small iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the followed functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG), the obtained IR825@PAH‐IONP‐PEG composite nanoparticles are highly stable in different physiological media. With a sharp absorbance peak, IR825@PAH‐IONP‐PEG can serve as an effective photothermal agent under laser irradiation at 915 nm, which appears to be optimal in photothermal therapy application considering its improved tissue penetration compared with 808‐nm light and much lower water heating in comparison to 980‐nm light. As revealed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, those nanoparticles after intravenous injection exhibit high tumor accumulation, which is then harnessed for in vivo photothermal ablation of tumors, achieving excellent therapeutic efficacy in a mouse tumor model. This study demonstrates for the first time that J‐aggregates of organic dye molecules are an interesting class of photothermal material, which when combined with other imageable nanoprobes could serve as a theranostic agent for imaging‐guided photothermal therapy of cancer.