Oxidation states in surface and buried coal from the Fording River Deposit

A suite of five representative samples from a freshly opened adit in the Fording River Coal Deposits, BC was taken at selected distances from the surface to the 45.7 m depth of the seam to provide material for studying the progress of coal oxidation under natural conditions. The ‘as-mined’ < 28 US mesh material from each sample was subjected to standard proximate, ultimate and free swelling index (FSI) analyses, followed by quantitative evaluation of surface oxidation states, using several techniques concurrently. Correlation of the results indicates a progressive decrease in oxidation from a very high level for the surface sample, with FSI 1, to a relatively low oxidation level for samples taken at 22.9 m and 45.7 m distances. Solvent extracts show a progressive decrease in the ratio of soluble aliphatic-to-aromatic compounds from surface to deep coal and in the amount of carboxylate groups. Oxidized coals require pretreatment with dilute acids in order to convert phenolate and carboxylate salts into phenols and carboxylic acids respectively; the analytical results for the latter are then increased by a factor of 4–6.     

超大断面海底隧道穿越风化槽施工及方案研究

以厦门翔安海底隧道A3标穿越风化槽处理方案为例,针对施工中存在的技术难题,从地质预报、帷幕注浆、开挖支护、监控量测等方面详细阐述了施工方案,并指出施工中应注意的问题,从而为类似工程积累施工经验。     

四川盆地磨溪地区灯四段风化壳岩溶储层特征

近年来,四川盆地磨溪地区灯四段的油气勘探取得了重大突破,为研究磨溪22井区灯四上亚段优质岩溶储层特征及分布规律,开展了岩心分析、物性测试、地震资料解释、测井分析和有利岩溶储层发育区预测等工作。结果表明：①岩溶储层的岩性主要为藻云岩类、砂屑云岩类和结晶云岩类,储集空间主要为溶蚀孔、溶洞和裂缝;②溶蚀作用包括同生期大气淡水的溶蚀作用、埋藏期深部热液溶蚀作用和有机酸的溶蚀作用、表生期大气淡水的溶蚀作用;③表生期的溶蚀作用控制了优质储层的分布,多发育于垂直渗流带附近和水平潜流带上部区域,平面上优质储层的分布受控于沉积相带和古地貌特征,以丘滩相和溶丘斜坡较好。该研究成果为磨溪地区下一步勘探指明了方向。     

风化火山期次界面识别及控藏作用——以西准噶尔地区为例

西准噶尔地区风化火山期次界面分为两类,Ⅰ类界面自然伽马值高、电阻率值低、密度值低;Ⅱ类界面自然伽马值高、电阻率值高、密度值低。界面发育在火山机构的分界线上,地震剖面上具有超覆、强反射的特征。风化火山期次界面为流体的运移通道,流体对界面两侧的岩石产生强烈的风化作用,使界面附近岩石内部产生微裂缝、溶蚀孔洞,最终使风化火山期次界面区域成为油气成藏的优势区域。     

渤海深层变质岩潜山油藏裂缝主控因素及预测

渤中13-2大型潜山地区是渤海海域发现的首个亿吨级深层变质岩潜山油藏.通过已钻井的岩心、薄片、测试、测井等资料,从构造演化、成岩作用、古地貌特征等方面,阐述了研究区潜山储集空间类型、裂缝发育主控因素及分布规律,为研究区的高效开发奠定基础.研究结果表明:①多期次构造运动是导致裂缝形成的主控因素,风化淋滤和裂缝充填是造成储...     

Analysis of degradation mechanisms of crystalline silicon PV modules after 12 years of operation in Southern Europe

The long‐term reliability of photovoltaic modules is crucial to ensure the technical and economic viability of PV as a successful energy source. The analysis of degradation mechanisms of PV modules is key to ensure current lifetimes exceeding 25 years. This paper presents the results of the investigations carried out on the degradation mechanisms of a crystalline silicon PV installation of 2 kWp after 12 years of exposure in Málaga, Spain. The analysis was conducted by visual inspection, infrared thermography and electrical performance evaluation. By visual inspection, the most relevant defects in the modules were identified and ranked according to their frequency. The electrical performance was assessed by comparing the characteristic parameters of the individual modules, obtained by outdoor measurements at the start and end of the exposure period. The correlation of the visual defects and the shifts in the electrical parameters was analysed. The results presented show that glass weathering, delamination at the cell‐EVA interface and oxidation of the antireflective coating and the cell metallization grid were the most frequently occurring defects found. The total peak power loss, including the initial light induced degradation, was 11.5%, which corresponded almost totally to a loss in short‐circuit current. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三塘湖盆地中—下侏罗统煤层甲烷风化带划分

以三塘湖盆地中、低煤阶煤层含气量和主要气体成分为基础,结合盆地构造、沉积及水文地质特征,对汉水泉凹陷和条湖凹陷煤层甲烷风化带进行了划分,并对库木苏凹陷、马朗凹陷、淖毛湖凹陷和苏鲁克凹陷煤层甲烷风化带进行了预测。结果表明,三塘湖盆地甲烷风化带深度为400~1000 m.由于受东北冲断隆起带的影响,三塘湖盆地北部甲烷风化带浅于南部。沉积方面,盆地东部淖毛湖凹陷、马朗凹陷和条湖凹陷深湖—半深湖和辫状河三角洲成煤环境优于盆地西部汉水泉凹陷和库木苏凹陷扇三角洲成煤环境,盆地东部甲烷风化带普遍浅于西部;水文地质方面,条湖凹陷和马朗凹陷中开启性局部滞留水文地质单元形成的甲烷风化带浅于其他凹陷封闭性弱径流水文地质单元的甲烷风化带。初步预测马朗凹陷北部为下一步煤层气勘探开发的优势区块,条湖凹陷北部为下一步煤系气勘探开发的优势区块。     

聚天门冬氨酸酯涂料的研制与应用

阐述了聚天门冬氨酸酯涂料技术，以及用于钢制品上的双组分防腐蚀涂料的配制方法。聚天门冬氨酸酯涂料与常规的两涂层涂料和三涂层涂料相比有不少优点，其重涂间隔时间更短，加快了涂料施工应用过程，降低了费用。通过人工加速老化实验说明了产品有良好的耐老化性能。     

某变质岩区岩体风化深槽特征及其形成机理

同一部位同类岩体风化特征差异一般不悬殊,然而有些地区在合适的地质背景条件下,相同部位同类岩体局部会产生与周围差异悬殊的深风化现象.以某变质岩区岩体风化深槽为例,在论述风化深槽空间分布、风化状态、物质组成、物理力学性质等特征的基础上,分析其形成机理,简述其对拟建工程设计方案的影响并提出处理建议.     

井冈山仙口水电站地质条件分析及工程处理研究

井冈山仙口水电站坝区经历多次构造运动,区域内花岗岩的矿物成分、结构构造复杂.针对花岗岩体风化剧烈的状况,采取锚釬喷混凝土、钢筋混凝土衬砌等处理措施;对河床中的厚层砂卵石,根据现场条件结合工程具体特点,分别采取挖除、固结灌浆和帷幕灌浆等处理措施,工程处理措施效果很好.