中国湿地面面观——兼论湿地保护的重要性及其策略

介绍我国湿地概况,探讨我国湿地的消减原因、保护措施和可持续利用策略;阐述湿地保护对水土资源可持续利用的重要作用;以促进流域水土资源保护及湿地保护工作,挽救湿地生态危机。     

Wetland use and impact on Lake Victoria, Kenya region

This article reports on a study of wetland use and impact on Lake Victoria conducted in March and April 1995. A field survey and interviews were used to study wetland use and their impact on Lake Victoria. This article identifies management issues and establishes a broad vision for the future. It also addresses the need to balance the competing demands for wetland use and development with the need to conserve a healthy and functional Lake Victoria. Investment proposals are made that would minimize destruction of the wetlands and negative impacts on the lake. General recommendations for planning and management issues, as well as suggestions of specific research needs that should form the basis of action and investment initiatives, are given.     

湿地保护范围的量化确定方法

本文探讨了一种定量确定湿地保护范围的方法。首先根据区域地形地貌和水环境等自然条件初选数个可能的湿地保护规模的方案，然后计算各方案表征社会经济、生态环境和水环境条件的6个特征指标：湿地初级生产力产值、淹没投资、环境影响指标、蓄滞洪水量、湿地补水难度系数和湿地水体更新难度系数。最后采用灰色系统关联度法和权重图解法量化确定整体效益相对最佳的湿地保护规模的方案。文中以吉林省查干湖湿地为例进行了计算，取得了较符合实际的计算结果。     

Temporal changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages following experimental flooding in permanent and temporary wetlands in an Australian floodplain forest

The River Murray, Australia, is a highly regulated river from which almost 80% of mean annual flow is removed for human use, primarily irrigated agriculture. Consequent changes to the pattern and volume of river flow are reflected in floodplain hydrology and, therefore, the wetting/drying patterns of floodplain wetlands. To explore the significance of these changes, macroinvertebrate samples were compared between permanent and temporary wetlands following experimental flooding in a forested floodplain of the River Murray. Weekly samples from two permanent wetlands and four associated temporary sites were used to track changes in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to ordinate the macroinvertebrate data, indicating consistent differences between the biota of permanent and temporary wetlands and between the initial and later assemblages in the temporary sites. There were marked changes over time, but little sign that the permanent and temporary assemblages were becoming more alike over the 25‐week observation period. The apparent heterogeneity of these systems is of particular importance in developing river management plans which are likely to change flooding patterns. Such plans need to maintain a mosaic of wetland habitats if floodplain biodiversity is to be supported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

松嫩平原湖泡湿地浮游植物调查与研究

松嫩平原扎龙、向海国家级自然保护区是我国中温带最完整的湿地生态系统。本文以扎龙、向海、莫莫格、查干泡湿地保护区为例,对湿地浮游植物的种类组成和数量变化进行了详细调查与研究。     

天津湿地现状及其保护利用对策分析

由于近年来气候连续干旱和长期人类不合理的开发利用,目前天津湿地存在着面积减少、污染严重和生物多样性下降问题。为了科学合理地保护利用天津湿地,必须加大宣传力度、制订政策法规、建立管理机制、增加生态用水、加强生物措施建设、划定重点保护区、保证必要的资金投入和扩大对外合作和交流等。     

湿地保护与我国水资源安全

一、我国湿地的基本概况 湿地是泛指陆地系统与水体系统相互作用形成的、具有陆地系统与水体系统间过渡性质的特殊系统。主要包括地表经常和季节性积水、生长和栖息喜湿生物、土壤严重潜育化的地段,主要包括沼泽地、河湖滩地、泥炭     

多级AO+潜流湿地对生活污水中的EDCs及常规污染物的去除试验研究

针对生活污水中内分泌干扰物（EDCs）可能引起的生物生态危害问题,以类固醇类内分泌干扰物为处理对象,应用生物生态耦合技术,进行多级AO+潜流式人工湿地处理试验,考察了水力停留时间（HRT）对COD_Cr、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）等污染物去除影响,同时,采用固相萃取法和GC-MS检测各反应器进、出水中雌酮（E1）、17β-雌二醇（E2）、雌三醇（E3）、17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）4种内分泌干扰物浓度变化。结果表明,当多级AO与湿地的HRT分别为9.5 h、10.3 d时,多级AO+潜流式人工湿地对COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N、TP、TN等污染物去除率可分别达78.64%、97.16%、91.84%、90.55%,出水浓度均低于《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》（DB 32/1072-2017）排放浓度限值。多级AO+人工湿地对内分泌干扰物E1、E2、E3和EE2的总去除率可分别达96.04%、92.45%、85.09%、88.38%;其中,多级AO系统对E1、E2、E3和EE2的去除率分别达到75.50%、72.00%、65.08%和63.35%,且一级好氧池对4种EDCs的去除贡献最大,均为27%以上;湿地系统对前3种EDCs的去除率约为20%、EE2为25%。Alpha多样性指数分析表明,好氧池物种数量和多样性多于未加EDCs前,门分类、属分类的微生物群落物种及其丰度分析表明,群落门水平、属水平相对丰度均发生变化,其中,增加的优势菌种可能对系统中EDCs的去除起到了促进作用。     

大庆城市湿地公园植物景观营造初探

通过对大庆城市湿地公园的实地调查,分析了植物景观营造所存在的问题,结合生态设计、湿地生态恢复和植物造景理论,探讨了大庆城市湿地植物景观营造的原则,并结合实际案例进行了分析论证。     

城市湿地公园提升方法和路径--以贵阳花溪国家城市湿地公园十里河滩景区提升为例

城市湿地公园是国家湿地保护体系的重要组成部分,对城市湿地公园建设提出了高质量要求,形成了保护、科普、休闲等多功能融合。本文以贵阳花溪国家城市湿地公园十里河滩景区提升为例,提出了城市湿地公园提升的方法和路径。