Abwasserreinigung mit Schilf in einer mobilen Wurzelraumkläranlage

A mobile root‐zone wastewater treatment system with a reaction zone consisting solely of reed roots as the growth surface for microorganisms was tested for temporary applications in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Pretreated municipal wastewater from a large‐scale wastewater treatment plant was fed to this system during the 2016 vegetation period. The outlet limit values for chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand were adhered to reliably at an inlet volumetric flow rate of 1200 L d^?1. Short‐term loading peaks of up to 1800 L d^?1 did not lead to overloading of the system.     

人工湿地在水质净化中的应用及研究进展

污染物在人工湿地中的去除机理包括了物理、化学及生物学过程,人工湿地能同时去除多种污染物质正源于其中的协同机制。影响人工湿地水质净化的主要因素包括:植物、碳源、基质、溶解氧和微生物。探讨了人工湿地对氮、磷和有机物的去除机理,同时论述了影响人工湿地去污的主要因素,并对今后的相关研究方向进行了展望。     

复合垂直流人工湿地去除混合有机化合物现场试验

以苯、1,4-二氯苯、硝基苯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为目标有机化合物,开展人工湿地去除混合溶液中有机化合物的现场试验。结果表明,人工湿地系统对苯的平均去除率为88%左右,对1,4-二氯苯的平均去除率在92%左右,对硝基苯的平均去除率为46.85%~61.13%,对DBP的平均去除率为65.75%~80.96%。冲击负荷试验表明,在一次性高浓度进水条件下,页岩陶粒人工湿地能拦截90.4%的苯;砾石人工湿地能拦截83.3%的1,4-二氯苯;黄沙人工湿地对苯和1,4-二氯苯的拦截能力相当,拦截率分别为91.4%和90.0%,对硝基苯和DBP的拦截能力相当,拦截率分别为60.5%和61.3%。     

Treatment of atrazine in nursery irrigation runoff by a constructed wetland

To investigate the treatment capability of a surface flow wetland at a container nursery near Portland, Oregon, atrazine was introduced during simulated runoff events. Treatment efficiency was evaluated as the percent atrazine recovered (as percent of applied) in the water column at the wetland's outlet. Atrazine treatment efficiency at the outlet of the constructed wetland during a 7-d period ranged from 18-24% in 1998 (experiments 1-3) and 16-17% in 1999 (experiments 4 and 5). Changes in total flow, or frequency and intensity of runoff events did not affect treatment. For experiment 6 in 1999, where the amount, frequency, and duration of runoff events exceeded all other experiments, treatment was compromised. For all experiments, deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for 13-21% of the initial application. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was rarely detected in the water. Organic carbon adsorption coefficients (Koc) were determined from batch equilibrium sorption isotherms with wetland sediment, and they decreased in the order of HA > DIA > atrazine > DEA. Static water-sediment column experiments indicated that sorption is an important mechanism for atrazine loss from water passing through the constructed wetland. The results of the MPN assay indicated the existence in the wetland of a low-density population of microorganisms with the potential to mineralize atrazine's ethyl side chain.     

复合垂直流人工湿地对氮的净化效果

采用复合垂直流人工湿地处理武汉东湖污染水的中试结果表明 ,出水中NH+ 4-N、NO- 2 -N和凯氏氮 (KN)浓度均显著降低 ,而NO- 3-N含量有所上升 ;系统最佳运行水力负荷为 80 0mm/d ,超过此负荷后系统净化效果随负荷增加而下降 ;在东湖现有的污染负荷下 ,处理系统仍呈现出继续承载污染量的潜力 ;就基质中KN的分布而言 ,水平方向为下行流池含量高于上行流池 ,垂直方向为上层 >中层 >下层 ,而在植物体内的分布则为叶片中含量最高。     

MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS AND CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR TREATMENT OF RENDERING PLANT WASTEWATER

The performance of a novel industrial membrane bioreactor (MBR) comprising denitrification, nitrification and ultrafiltration for the secondary treatment of primary treated animal rendering wastewater has been compared with an experimental, low-cost and novel vertical-flow constructed wetland planted with Typha latifolia L. (Reedmace or Broad-leaved Cattail). The process wastewater followed pre-treatment by dissolved air flotation (DAF). The mean DAF effluent gave highly variable chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia concentrations of 5816 (standard deviation (SD): 3005.0) and 614 (SD: 268.7) mg/l, respectively. The mean MBR effluent for COD and ammonia was 37 and 86 mg/l, respectively. The mean treatment performance of the constructed wetland for COD, ammonia and suspended solids was 205, 67 and 57 mg/l, respectively.     

滴滤池/人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水

为适应农村生活污水处理高效、低耗、管理简单的要求,研发了滴滤池/人工湿地组合工艺,考察了滴滤池的最佳运行参数以及改善系统脱氮除磷效果的措施.结果表明:采用该组合工艺处理农村生活污水是完全可行的,对COD、NH4 -N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别可达73.6%、89.5%、61.7%和78.4%,且运行费用仅为O.23元/m3.滴滤池的容积负荷宜控制在0.3-O.5kgCOD/(m3·d),并应使水力负荷<4.0 m3/(m2·d),适宜的回流比为2.O,布水周期为20 min.     

不同人工湿地对微污染原水处理效果的研究

采用人工湿地预处理微污染黄河原水,分别研究了推流式潜流人工湿地、往复式潜流人工湿地、芦苇床表流人工湿地、蒲草床表流人工湿地对总氮和COD的去除效果。结果表明,推流式人工湿地和往复式人工湿地对总氮和硝态氮的去除效果无明显差别,但去除率要低于表流人工湿地。蒲草床表流人工湿地对总氮和硝态氮的平均去除率分别为84．33％和76．32％,去除效果好于芦苇床表流人工湿地。各人工湿地对COD的去除率在30％-65％之间,不同人工湿地对COD的去除效果差别不明显。人工湿地处理微污染黄河原水的效果明显,出水水质可满足城市供水水源水质标准的要求。     

塔式复合人工湿地处理农村生活污水的试验研究

考察了新型人工湿地——塔式复合人工湿地（TICW）对农村生活污水的处理效果。结果表明,TICW对污染物具有较高的去除能力,脱氮效果尤其明显,对COD、NH4^＋-N、TN、TP的去除率分别为72％、82％、83％、63％;TICW的瀑布式水流增强了污水的充氧效果,湿地土壤中氨化菌、硝化菌的数量均较多,分别为10^7～10^8 CFU／g土壤和10^4～10^5 MPN／g土壤,提高了湿地的脱氮性能;木本植物和地方特有的经济作物——蔺草的结合使用使湿地在冬季仍能保持较高的除污能力。     

低氧接触氧化/微曝气人工湿地工艺净化污染河水

采用低溶解氧接触氧化与微曝气垂直流人工湿地的组合工艺对滇池入湖污染河水进行处理,以解决人工湿地在高负荷下运行时易堵塞和效率低的问题。结果表明,在低溶解氧条件下接触氧化反应器对SS、COD的平均去除率分别为86.2%和57.4%,且运行稳定。新型轮换式微曝气系统的开发与应用使垂直流人工湿地中的溶解氧环境得到了改善,悬浮物及脱落的生物膜在气流作用下不易沉降堵塞,在气水比为1∶1的条件下湿地的进水氨氮负荷可达15 g/(m2.d),平均去除率为89.6%,硝化效率明显提高。TN的去除主要依靠湿地内部的硝化/反硝化作用,轮换式曝气使溶解氧梯度随时间和空间而变化,当出水溶解氧为2~4 mg/L时,湿地单元对TN的平均去除率为40.6%。该组合工艺整体运行稳定,除污效率高,为污染河水的净化提供了一种新的方法。