苏里格桃X区块气藏储层的解水锁剂研究

目的随着苏里格气田规模化开发,开采过程中因水锁效应导致的低产低效气井逐年增多,针对苏里格桃X区块生产需求和气藏水锁问题,进行气井储层水锁伤害解除技术对策研究。 方法通过开展室内药剂研究,采用氟碳类和两性离子型表面活性剂、润湿反转剂等体系复配 研制出适合该区块的解水锁剂。 结果苏里格桃X区块渗透率极低,平均含水饱和度45%左右,水锁指数小于0.3,水锁强度中等偏强。解水锁剂能够使岩心的润湿性由亲水逐渐变得疏水,接触角增大10°,有效改变了岩石润湿性且能够降低储层流体界面张力,储层渗透率最终能够恢复至原来的93.86%,现场试验后单井日均增产0.409 7×10⁴ m³。 结论该体系解水锁剂适用于研究区块,能有效解决气井水锁问题。      

超疏水表面微结构的设计及其注射成型

目的 从超疏水表面的功能设计出发,主动设计三种深宽比的微结构阵列并洞察其在不同润湿接触状态下的疏水性能。方法 首先,采用热力学分析方法,建立三种深宽比微结构的系统自由能与其接触角、结构几何参数之间的函数关系,探明自主设计微结构表面的润湿性能。继而,在热力学分析的基础上,采用紫外光刻、电铸和注射成型技术相结合的方法实现三种深宽比微结构聚丙烯（PP）超疏水表面的制备。最后,进一步测量与分析聚丙烯（PP）微结构表面的润湿性能。结果 三种深宽比微结构表面的静态接触角测量值均大于150?,滚动角分别为12?、14?和15?,基本达到设计目标;同时,微结构表面的表观接触角测量值与理论计算值基本符合。表面的接触角滞后分别为15?、21?、22?,且接触角滞后随着深宽比的增加而变大,使液滴在PP表面的流动性也变差。结论 在设计微结构超疏水表面的过程中,可以适当降低微结构的深宽比,以获取更好的超疏水特性。自主设计的微结构表面基本实现超疏水性,为高聚物超疏水表面的功能设计与高效制备提供了理论依据与技术支撑。     

Cr与B对镍基高温钎料在Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料上润湿性的影响

研究了Cr和B元素对镍基高温钎料在3D-Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料上的润湿性的影响.试验结果发现,在真空度小于10-3 Pa,工作温度1100 ℃,保温时间10 min条件下,当钎料中的Cr元素含量为15%,B元素含量为0.6%时,镍基钎料在Cf/SiC上的润湿角为10°,然而B元素含量增加到2.4%后,润湿角增大到62°,表明钎料中的元素B降低钎料在Cf/SiC上的润湿性.钎料中的活性元素Cr对润湿有重要影响.镍基钎料在Cf/SiC上的润湿过程属于反应润湿,润湿界面生成多种碳化物和硅化物.采用扫描电镜与能谱仪分析界面的微观结构与成分,通过X射线衍射仪检测界面产物.     

甲烷对超临界CO2/水/岩石体系润湿特性影响的分子动力学模拟研究

二氧化碳捕集及封存(CCS)技术以其减少碳排放量的高效性,成为各国解决碳排放问题的首要选择。通过分子动力学模拟方法,探究了地质封存环境下,在不同岩石结构表面,二氧化碳中混入甲烷对润湿性的影响规律。结果表明:在温度为318.00K、压力为20 MPa的环境下,二氧化碳中混入摩尔分数为20%的甲烷,对水在结构分别为Q~3和(Q~3+Q~4)岩石表面的接触角均无显著影响。     

孤山川流域水文特征变化及驱动因素

研究流域水文特征的变化及驱动因素对流域水资源开发利用与保护,水土保持及生态环境的建设具有指导意义。以孤山川流域为研究区,利用Kendall秩序相关法分析1956-2009年流域降水、径流、泥沙等水文要素的演化趋势,采用小波变换法对系列的周期进行提取,利用有序聚类法分析径流和泥沙序列的变异点,并分析气候变化和人类活动对水沙的影响情况。结果表明:近54年来孤山川流域实测降水量没有显著变化,而年径流量和输沙量显著减少;年径流量和输沙量序列都存在5、14和28年左右的周期,且均在1979年和1996年发生突变。气候变化和人类活动对年径流量减少的贡献率在不同时段有不同的值,在人类活动对下垫面影响的过渡期,贡献率分别为72.2%和27.8%;90年代中期到21世纪初,它们的贡献率分别是27.8%和72.2%。本研究将为孤山川流域水资源开发利用及优化配置提供科学借鉴。     

科研并行式服务于教学的研究与实践——以水文与水资源工程专业课程教学为例

为探索水文与水资源工程领域科研活动高效反哺专业教学的科学模式,文章依托水文与水资源工程本科专业课程教学和科研活动,将课堂理论教学和科研实践并行开展,在水信息采集与处理、水文学原理等课程的教学过程中实施,从而使课程基本理论的教学在时间尺度上与科研实践紧密结合。项目实施的阶段性结果表明,科研与教学并行,提升了教学效果和学生对专业领域科学研究活动的兴趣,有利于学生创新思维和创新能力的培养,研究结果以期为水文与水资源工程专业创新型人才培养教学模式的研究提供参考。     

Methanol synthesis in a three‐phase catalytic bed under nonwetted condition

To overcome the heat removal problem encountered in methanol synthesis at high syngas concentrations in the gas phase, a three‐phase nonwetted catalytic system was established by introducing an inert liquid medium into a fixed‐bed reactor. To form a repellent interface between the liquid and the catalyst, the catalyst was modified into hydrophobic, while the liquid medium was chosen as a room temperature ionic liquid with hydroxyl groups. The liquid‐solid contact angle was measured to be 115°, and only 20% of the catalyst external surface was wetted by the liquid. Under three‐phase condition, the reaction rate was measured to be 60%–70% of gas‐phase reaction, while it was merely 10%–20% for the fully wetted catalyst. From the resistance analysis on the mass transfer and reaction steps, the overall reaction rate is expected to increase further if the surface could be more wet proofed. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 226–237, 2017     

Contact angle behaviour of poly(vinyl chloride)/ epoxidized natural rubber miscible blends

—Contact angle studies of miscible poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ ENR) blends were carried out in air using water and methylene iodide. The solid surface free energy was calculated from harmonic mean equations. Blending of PVC and ENR decreased their contact angle or increased their solid surface free energy due to the improved chain mobility, and the accumulation of excess polar sites at the surface through conformational alterations resulting from the specific interaction of PVC and ENR. The work of adhesion, interfacial free energy, spreading coefficient, and Girifalco-Good's interaction parameter changed markedly with the blend composition. In blends, PVC and ENR improved hydrophilicity, and wettability with polar and non-polar liquids. The presence of a plasticizer in PVC, in general, further improved the wettability and hydrophilicity in blends.     

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF FOAM STABILIZERS ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF FOAM-MAT DRIED SOYMILK

Soymilk, a colloidal dispersion obtained by wet milling of soya bean (Glycine max (L) Merill), was subjected to the foam-mat drying process at 65°C using two foam stabilizers namely, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and glyceryl distearate (GDS) at 5, 10 and 15% levels. While CMC did not produce a stable foam at any of the levels used, it was however, found that a minimum of 10% GDS was required to produce a stable foam. The physical characteristics and reconstitution properties of 10% GDS foamed soymilk powder and 15% GDS foamed soymilk powder were found to be similar but better than those of unfoamed soymilk powder and inferior to those of a spray dried powder sample.     

WETTABILITY AND SURFACE ENERGETICS OF ROUGH FLUOROPOLYMER SURFACES

Hydrophobic solid surfaces with controlled roughness were prepared by coating glass slides with an amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon® AF1600, DuPont) containing varying amounts of silica spheres (diameter 48 μm). Quasi-static advancing, θ_A, and receding, θ_R, contact angles were measured with the Wilhelmy technique. The contact angle hysteresis was significant but could be eliminated by subjecting the system to acoustic vibrations. Surface roughness affects all contact angles, but only the vibrated ones, θ_V, agree with the Wenzel equation. The contact angle obtained by averaging the cosines of θ_A and θ_R is a good approximation for θ_V, provided that roughness is not too large or the angles too small. Zisman's approach was employed to obtain the critical surface tension of wetting (CST) of the solid surfaces. The CST increases with roughness in accordance with Wenzel equation. Advancing, receding, and vibrated angles yield different results. The θ_A is known to be characteristic of the main hydrophobic component (the fluoropolymer). The θ_V is a better representation of the average wettability of the surface (including the presence of defects).