黄河2009年调水调沙期间河口水动力及悬沙输移变化特征

根据2009年7月黄河第九次调水调沙期间和结束后在黄河口两个站位观测的水文泥沙资料,对调水调沙期间和结束后河口的水动力和悬沙分布特征进行了对比分析,并对潮周期内悬沙输移过程进行了探讨.结果表明:调水调沙期间相比于结束后,落潮动力加强,涨潮动力有所减弱,尤其在水体表层表现明显,河口切变锋类型不同,其出现时间长度亦不同;调水调沙期间含沙量较大,垂向分布较复杂,而结束后含沙量低,垂向梯度变化较小;此外,调水调沙期间河口悬沙在输移过程中以沉降作用为主,并在涨急和落急时刻伴随着底沙的再悬浮,而结束后悬沙浓度降低幅度较大,泥沙再悬浮作用较强.     

Crystallization and wetting of ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramic for sealing to Kovar alloy

A new type of ZnO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glassceramics seals to Kovar in electronic packaging was developed, whose coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and electrical resistance were 5.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C and over 1 × 10¹³ Ω·cm, respectively. The major crystalline phases in the glass-ceramics seals were ZnAl₂O₄, ZnB₂O₄ and NaSiAl₂O₄. The dielectric resistance of the glass-ceramic could be remarkably enhanced through the control of the alkali metal ions into the crystal lattices. It was found that the crystallization happened first on the surface of the sample, leaving the amorphous phase in the inner parts, which makes the glass suitable for sealing. The glass-ceramic showed better wetting on the Kovar surface, and sealing atmosphere and temperature showed great effect on the wetting angle. Strong interfacial bonding was obtained, which was mainly attributed to the interfacial reaction between SiO₂ and FeO or Fe₃O₄. This paper was presented at 2008 MRS International Materials Research Conference and won the student best paper award of the conference.     

井间微地震监测技术现场应用效果分析

井间微地震监测技术的现场应用是通过监测注水过程中产生的微震波,可以确定出水驱前缘位置、优势注水方向、注水波及面积等资料;在水力压裂时,进而还可确定出裂缝分布的方位、长度、高度及地应力方向等地层参数.为油藏工程师进行方案优化、提高整体开发效果和采收率等提供依据.在简要介绍了井间微地震监测技术基本原理的基础上,结合地质动、静态资料,对微地震法在水驱前缘测试及压裂裂缝监测两方面在大庆油田的应用效果进行了分析.现场应用证明,井间微地震监测技术在油田动态分析及压裂效果评价等领域具有良好的应用前景.     

Estimation of Width and Depth of the Wetted Soil Volume Under a Surface Emitter,Considering Root Water-Uptake and Evaporation

A cylindrical flow model that describes local infiltration from a surface point source, by incorporating evaporation and water extraction by roots, was used to obtain numerical results that were the base for the development and testing of an empirical method for determining the surface and vertical components of the wetting front. The implementation of the mathematical model took place against two of the twelve USDA soil classes, using three water application rates for each one. The empirical methodology consisted of two simple, time dependent empirical relationships: a power law for the stage of the infiltration, which was applied in both directions and a polynomial for the stage after the end of the irrigation, applied only for the vertical component, to account for percolation losses. The statistical criteria used for the evaluation of the method showed good agreement between the numerical results and the values calculated by the empirical relationships. Based on the limited availability of necessary experimental data for detailed analysis of multidimensional transient infiltration, the introduction of such an empirical model, as a design tool for trickle irrigation systems, may contribute to the selection of the optimum application rate and lateral spacing.     

葡浅12区块黑帝庙油层黑Ⅰ砂组沉积微相研究

通过岩心观察、粒度分析,沉积构造特征和测井相分析,结合区域地质背景,对葡浅12区块黑Ⅰ砂组的沉积特征及沉积模式进行研究。确定该区为三角洲前缘亚相沉积,可进一步细分为水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、水下分流间湾及席间泥5种沉积微相类型,并对研究区各小层沉积微相平面展布特征和演化规律进行研究。结果表明,水下分流河道、河口坝砂体厚度和规模较大,具有良好的储集性能,是勘探开发的重点。     

三角洲前缘亚相储层单砂体识别方法的研究

在精细地质研究的基础上,进行了三角洲前缘亚相席状砂单砂体识别,总结出平面上大面积分布的三角洲前缘亚相席状砂实际上是众多单砂体的组合。根据席状砂发育特点,确定单砂体的3种成因类型:溢岸型、决口型和河口叶状体。并归纳了三角洲前缘亚相储层单砂体的识别方法与原则,即从不同类型砂体的成因入手,根据微相组合关系、厚度演变趋势、测井曲线微细差别、泥岩尖灭区的分布规律等特征综合分析,闭合对比,实现对单一砂体的追溯与识别。并为高含水后期油田调整挖潜、更精确地认识剩余油分布状况提供了可靠的地质依据。     

泌阳凹陷双河油田扇三角洲前缘构型精细解剖

利用岩心、测井和生产动态资料,在扇三角洲前缘内部构型级次划分及识别单一河道砂的基础上,精细解剖泌阳凹陷双河油田Ⅶ10小层扇三角洲前缘的构型。双河油田扇三角洲前缘复合砂体主要发育水下分流河道、河口坝和溢岸砂3类构成单元,单一砂体构型界面为泥粉砂质夹层、钙质砂砾岩夹层以及泥砾岩夹层。研究区砂体的拼接样式分为河口坝-河口坝拼接、河口坝-辫状水道拼接、辫状水道-辫状水道拼接以及辫状水道-溢岸砂拼接等4种类型。应用三维视窗内多视角栅状组合技术在小层内识别出3条单一河道及其相应河口坝和溢岸砂,单一河道宽度为100~150 m,具有从北向南逐步交叉合并并分流的变化规律。油田现有的井网不能有效地控制单一河道砂体分布,需要缩小井距,沿单一河道完善注采系统,以提高注水开发效果。     

烷基糖苷在油田化学应用上的性能评价

分别以正辛醇、正十二醇、正十六醇和无水葡萄糖为原料合成烷基糖苷（APG）,考察了其乳化能力随浓度和烷基碳链长度的变化规律,及其与非离子表面活性剂复配后的性能。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着浓度的增加,APG对原油的乳化能力增强。随着烷基碳链的增长,APG对原油的乳化能力增强,乳状液稳定性也相应增强。APG与非离子表面活性剂复配效果较好,两者体积比为1：4时润湿力最佳,体积比为1：1时乳化力最强,体积比为1：4时起泡性最好。     

螺旋焊管生产线新型开卷机的研制

针对螺旋埋弧焊管生产线原有开卷机在进行高钢级、大壁厚钢管生产时,开卷工序易发生卷板板尾钩头和设备之间冲撞,导致设备严重损坏现象,设计了一种新型螺旋焊管生产线用开卷机.介绍了新型开卷机的结构、控制系统及工作过程.经生产实践证明,该开卷机能使高钢级、大壁厚热轧卷板板头和板尾顺利拆开并得到充分塑性变形达到平直状态,保证了螺旋...     

Study of different internal vapour transports for adsorption cycles with heat regeneration

A ‘three-temperature’ model of the adsorption cycles with heat regeneration is used for investigating and analysing the influence of different parameters on the performance of such cycles. The influence of the heat source temperature on the thermodynamic efficiency (COP/COP_Carnot) is investigated. The result is that the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle is always limited. In order to reduce the internal irreversibilities, different internal vapour transports for pressurising (depressurisation) the adsorber are investigated: first, adiabatic direct pressurisation (depressurisation) with the condenser (evaporator) instead of pressure changes by heat transfer; second, adiabatic internal vapour recovery between the adsorbers (partial pressurisation/depressurisation); third, separation of the adsorber into separate compartments between which vapour cannot be redistributed during pressurisation or depressurisation. Results show that the first process significantly reduces the COP, while the second one enhances the cooling power, and the third one does not change the performance. Analysis gives satisfactory explanation of these results.