Formation of the Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxysulphate green rust during marine corrosion of steel

Rust layers formed on steel sheet piles immersed 1 m above the mud line for 25 years were analysed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and elemental X-ray mappings (Fe, S, O). They consist of three main strata, the inner one mainly composed of magnetite, the intermediate one of iron(III) oxyhydroxides and the outer one of hydroxysulphate green rust GR(SO₄²⁻). Simulations of GRs formation in solutions having large [Cl⁻]/[SO₄²⁻] ratios revealed that the hydroxysulphate GR(SO₄²⁻) was obtained instead of the hydroxychloride GR(Cl⁻), as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy analyses. Measurements of the [S], [Fe] and [Cl] concentrations allowed us to establish that GR(SO₄²⁻) formed along with a drastic impoverishment of the solution in sulphate ions; the [Cl⁻]/[SO₄²⁻] ratio increased from 12 to 240. The GR, acting like a “sulphate pump”, may favour the colonisation of the rust layers by sulphate reducing bacteria.     

Fast computation of computer-generated hologram using Xeon Phi coprocessor

We report fast computation of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using Xeon Phi coprocessors, which have massively x86-based processors on one chip, recently released by Intel. CGHs can generate arbitrary light wavefronts, and therefore, are promising technology for many applications: for example, three-dimensional displays, diffractive optical elements, and the generation of arbitrary beams. CGHs incur enormous computational cost. In this paper, we describe the implementations of several CGH generating algorithms on the Xeon Phi, and the comparisons in terms of the performance and the ease of programming between the Xeon Phi, a CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU).     

Comparative study in chemistry of microbially and electrochemically induced pitting of 316L stainless steel

Ennoblement of stainless steel (SS) by microbially deposited manganese oxides can lead to pitting corrosion at low chloride concentrations, causing unexpected material failures. We exposed 316L SS to manganese oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix discophora under well-defined laboratory conditions, and then placed the ennobled coupons in a 0.5 M sodium chloride solution until pitting developed. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy we demonstrated that the pits and their immediate vicinity associated with microbial influenced corrosion had different chemical signatures than those associated with electrochemically induced pitting, suggesting a possibility that the microorganisms were directly involved in pit initiation. Based on the differences in the chemical signatures we were able to distinguish the microbially induced pits from those induced by anodic polarization.     

硫酸盐还原菌引起的微生物腐蚀的研究进展

简述了由硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）引起的微生物腐蚀（MIC）的机理，环境因素与SRB的协同效应对MIC的影响及控制SRB的措施的研究进展。     

The interaction of bacteria and metal surfaces

This review discusses different examples for the interaction of bacteria and metal surfaces based on work reported previously by various authors and work performed by the author with colleagues at other institutions and with his graduate students at CEEL. Traditionally it has been assumed that the interaction of bacteria with metal surfaces always causes increased corrosion rates (“microbiologically influenced corrosion” (MIC)). However, more recently it has been observed that many bacteria can reduce corrosion rates of different metals and alloys in many corrosive environments. For example, it has been found that certain strains of Shewanella can prevent pitting of Al 2024 in artificial seawater, tarnishing of brass and rusting of mild steel. It has been observed that corrosion started again when the biofilm was killed by adding antibiotics. The mechanism of corrosion protection seems to be different for different bacteria since it has been found that the corrosion potential E_corr became more negative in the presence of Shewanella ana and algae, but more positive in the presence of Bacillus subtilis. These findings have been used in an initial study of the bacterial battery in which Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was added to a cell containing Al 2024 and Cu in a growth medium. It was found that the power output of this cell continuously increased with time. In the microbial fuel cell (MFC) bacteria oxidize the fuel and transfer electrons directly to the anode. In initial studies EIS has been used to characterize the anode, cathode and membrane properties for different operating conditions of a MFC that contained Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Cell voltage (V)—current density (i) curves were obtained using potentiodynamic sweeps. The current output of a MFC has been monitored for different experimental conditions.     

钢铁企业CIM S 的核心技术——M IC

MIC技术是钢铁企业CIMS的核心技术之一．介绍了MIC技术的产生背景与构成，论述了MIC系统与产品制造、质量设计与保证的关系，以及对企业产销全过程的能动作用。     

几种新型Schiff碱及其稀土配合物抑菌活性的研究

采用琼脂稀释法测定了几种新型Schiff碱及其稀土配合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,测得了它们抑制细菌生长的最小浓度。结果表明几种新型Schiff碱及其稀土配合物对几种受试菌均有较强的抑制作用,配合物比相应配体具有更高的抑菌活性。     

Effects of nano-Ag on the combustion process of Al–CuO metastable intermolecular composite

Effects of nano-Ag with high thermal conductivity on the combustion wave behavior of Al–CuO MIC (metastable intermolecular composite) are studied in this paper by incorporating Al–CuO MIC with nano-Ag particles in different weight proportions. The physical and chemical characteristics of Al–CuO MIC are determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The combustion wave behavior is identified by high-speed video recording (HSVR). The experimental observations confirm that the presence of nano-Ag particles improves the heat transfer efficiency. With nano-Ag increasing from 1 wt% to 10 wt%, the first exothermic peak temperature decreases from 607.8 °C to 567.6 °C, and average combustion speed (ACS) increases at first and then reduces. The most suitable amount of nano-Ag is 2 wt% with the ACS and instantaneous combustion velocity on the order of 954.0 m/s, 1562.5 m/s. Moreover, heat transfer mechanisms in the combustion process of Al–CuO MIC are better understood, especially by distinguishing conduction from convection during the combustion propagation. Furthermore, three stages (ignition, acceleration and steady combustion) of reactive propagation are observed in the combustion process. And the corresponding dominative heat transfer mechanisms in the three stages are conduction, conduction to convection transition, and convection, respectively.     

Compiling Vector Pascal to the XeonPhi

Intel's XeonPhi is a highly parallel x86 architecture chip made by Intel. It has a number of novel features which make it a particularly challenging target for the compiler writer. This paper describes the techniques used to port the Glasgow Vector Pascal Compiler to this architecture and assess its performance by comparisons of the XeonPhi with 3 other machines running the same algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

制造业文化的研究与探索

制造业是一个国家经济发展的基石,也是增强国家竞争力的基础,制造业文化在其中具有重要的关键作用。本文探索了文化及其与经济的关系,在分析了企业文化发展及作用的基础上,提出了制造业文化的概念、内涵,分析制造业文化的构成要素,提出了制造业文化的体系结构,分析了制造业文化的作用与意义。