Electrochemical Aspects of Electroosmotic Dewatering of Clay Suspensions

An attempt is made to elucidate the electrochemical aspects of the electroosmotic dewatering (EOD) of clays as reported in some recent work, especially that on interrupted DC power electroosmotic dewatering published by Rabie, Mujumdar and Weber (2). These authors showed that the dewatering by EOD stops after the DC power has been on for several minutes or hours; on interruption of their power and on short-circuiting of the electrodes, conditions can be created again for some further dewatering by DC power EOD. This discovery, of Rabie et al. is interpreted as a fuel cell effect and it is shown that it affords clues to several other electrochemical strategies for the possible enhancement of the efficiency of the EOD by DC power.

Further, the open circuit potentials observed by Rabie et al. (2) on the interruption of DC power are given an electrochemical interpretation which leads to quantitative estimates in agreement with the experimental values.     

Furan–thiophene copolymers: Electrosynthesis and electrochemical behavior

The electrochemical copolymerization of furan and thiophene was performed at a constant electrode potential in a binary solvent system consisting of boron trifluoride/ethyl ether and an additional amount of ethyl ether (molar ratio = 1 : 2). The obtained homopolymers and copolymers were characterized with cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroscopy. The influence of the applied electropolymerization potential and the monomer feed ratio of furan and thiophene on the copolymers was investigated. The furan–thiophene copolymers showed good stability of the redox activity in an acetonitrile‐based electrolyte solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

Synthesis,characterization, and redox and electrochromic behaviors of poly(3-n-octyloxythiophene)

Poly(3-n-octyloxythiophene), a conjugated polymer, which possessed solubility in common organic solvents, was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization in the presence of lithium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant in an aqueous medium. Characterizations of the intermediate, monomer, and polymer were performed by NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The process of electrochemical polymerization and the electrochemical redox behaviors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the potentiostatic method. A poly(3-n-octyloxythiophene) film that was deposited on a platinum electrode was found to exhibit electrochromic behaviors, and it switched electrochemically between blue–green oxidized and dark red reduced states. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

竹红菌甲素衍生物13－SO_3Na－DDHA电化学及光诱导还原的研究

本工作研究了化合物１３－ＳＯ＿３Ｎａ－ＤＤＨＡ在不同ｐＨ的缓冲溶液中的电化学氧化还原行为．实验证明：化合物中羰基的还原电位与ｐＨ之间存在线性关系，其直线的斜率为６０ｍＶ／ｐＨ．并证明了此过程为一步两电子、两质子还原过程：Ｑ＋２Ｈ￣＋＋２ｅ＝ＱＨ＿２．ＤＭＦ作为非质子溶剂，具有很好的稳定自由基的作用．向缓冲溶液中加入ＤＭＦ后，化合物１３－ＳＯ＿３Ｎａ－ＤＤＨＡ为两步单电子还原过程，相应溶液中的光诱导电子转移吸收光谱证实了以上电化学的结果．     

Periplaneta americana perception of phytochemical naphthoquinones as allelochemicals

Electrochemistry of malePeriplaneta americana perception of naphthoquinones as allelochemicals is presented. Importance of the oxidation-reduction potential and hydrogen-bonding capabilities of the naphtho-quinone messenger to its exchange of energy with the information-encoding, redox protein of the chemosensory neuron is considered. Evidence that the required information is initially encoded by an electroreactive protein in dendritic membrane is analyzed. A sulfhydryl-disulfide protein-based electrochemical mechanism for the demonstrated linear conversion of a molecular messenger energy state into whole insect behavior (avoidance or feeding inhibition) is elucidated. Even though the information-encoding mechanism is genetically conserved (kept electrochemically similar) within the species, behavioral biotypical differences regarding sensitivity to naphthoquinones are allowed through a group of proteins in the outer aqueous medium in the chemosensory sensillum. Such proteins electrochemically interface the dendritic membrane of the chemosensory neuron in the sensillum with the environment external to the sensillum. These interfacing proteins bind (complex) with chemical messengers (e.g., naphthoquinones) and/or variously degrade them, and thus determine the amount (moles) that is required in the environment to result in stimulation of the underlying sensory neurons and in a changed behavior.     

Electrochemical properties of some cobalt antimonides as anode materi-als for lithium- ion batteries

Some cobalt antimonides have been prepared and studied as the candidate anode materials for lithium ion batter-ies. Reversible capacities of 424,423 and 546 mA·h·g-1 were measured at the first cycle for as-solidified CoSb2, CoSb3 and annealed CoSb3 respectively. A low lithium ions diffusion coefficient in the order of 10-16 m2·s-1 was estimated from the coulometric titration measurements in the annealed CoSb3 electrode. It was found that the electrochemical properties of fine powders are significantly better than coarse powders. However the SEM picture shows that the nano-sized CoSb3 powders gathered to larger granules, which worsens somewhat the capacity retention of the nano-sized materials, although the volume capacities of the annealed and ball milled CoSb3 remain near twice of that of graphite after 50 cycles.     

Monitoring the Dynamic Process of Formation of Plasmonic Molecular Junctions during Single Nanoparticle Collisions

The capability to study the dynamic formation of plasmonic molecular junction is of fundamental importance, and it will provide new insights into molecular electronics/plasmonics, single‐entity electrochemistry, and nanooptoelectronics. Here, a facile method to form plasmonic molecular junctions is reported by utilizing single gold nanoparticle (NP) collision events at a highly curved gold nanoelectrode modified with a self‐assembled monolayer. By using time‐resolved electrochemical current measurement and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, the current changes and the evolution of interfacial chemical bonding are successfully observed in the newly formed molecular tunnel junctions during and after the gold NP “hit‐n‐stay” and “hit‐n‐run” collision events. The results lead to an in‐depth understanding of the single NP motion and the associated molecular level changes during the formation of the plasmonic molecular junctions in a single NP collision event. This method also provides a new platform to study molecular changes at the single molecule level during electron transport in a dynamic molecular tunnel junction.     

结晶紫与DNA相互作用的电化学研究

用电化学方法结合紫外 可见光谱法 ,研究了结晶紫 (CV)与DNA在 0 2 0mol·L- 1 pH1 0 5的Britton Robinson(B R)缓冲溶液中相互作用的电化学行为。CV在玻碳电极上于 +0 474V(vs.SCE)处有一氧化峰 ,此峰电流与扫描速率的二分之一次方呈正比。在 1 3℃与DNA恒温反应 35min后 ,CV的氧化峰电流降低 ,但峰电位几乎不变。CV与DNA在该条件下结合生成一种非电化学活性的超分子化合物 ,求出CV与DNA反应的结合比为 2∶1 ,结合常数 β =1 43× 1 0 1 0 。     

Effect of Rare Earths on Corrosion Resisting Properties of Carbon-Manganese Clean Steels

Rareearthelementshavesignificantactionsinsteels ,includingwipingoffimpurityelements ,trans modifyinginclusions ,andimprovingmicrostructureetal,soaddingappropriaterareearthsintosteelscanef fectivelyimprovetheircorrosionresistingproper ties[1,2 ] .Todaypuri…