不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件对比

通过应用单因素和正交实验设计,对马可波罗和青岛大花中α-酸的微波萃取工艺进行了优化,并比较了两者最佳工艺条件的异同。马可波罗α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间20s、微波功率267W、浸泡时间30min、料液比1:25,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>微波功率>料液比>浸泡时间;青岛大花α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间15s、微波功率为267W、浸泡时间为30min、料液比为1:15,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>料液比>微波功率>浸泡时间。结果表明:两个品种的最佳萃取工艺条件中仅微波功率参数、浸泡时间参数相同,而微波功率、料液比的主次影响顺序不同。由此得出,不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件不能混用,而关于啤酒花α-酸微波萃取工艺的研究,很有必要针对不同品种来进行。     

Centrifugal partition chromatography applied to the isolation of oak wood aroma precursors

Flavours extracted from oak wood during barrel ageing contribute to the organoleptic character of wines and spirits. The aim of this work was to identify the glycosidic precursors of the key volatile compounds responsible for oak wood aroma. Oak extract is a very complex matrix and, furthermore, precursors are present in very small quantities. Preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a promising solution for purifying the oak extract. The solvent system was selected on the basis of the partition coefficient of glycosidase enzyme activity (K_ca). Thanks to the efficacy of CPC separation, three glucoside gallates were subsequently isolated by HPLC chromatography. Vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (macarangioside E) were isolated and identified. This was the first time that vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was identified and the first time that macarangioside E was isolated from oak wood. Heating macarangioside E resulted in the formation of megastigmatrienone, which has an aroma reminiscent of tobacco.     

The methionine precursor dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid protects intestinal epithelial barrier function

dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) is a source of dietary methionine (Met) that is widely used in poultry nutrition. We have previously shown that HMTBA is preferentially diverted to the transsulfuration pathway, which gives antioxidant metabolites such as taurine and glutathione. Therefore, here we hypothesize that this Met source can protect epithelial barrier function in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation of Caco-2 cells. The results show that HMTBA prevents the increase in paracellular permeability induced by H₂O₂ or tumour necrosis factor-α. This effect can be attributed to the increased production of taurine and reduced glutathione. Similar results were obtained for dl-Met, although the protective role of the amino acid was less pronounced than that of the hydroxy analogue. In conclusion, the diversion to the transsulfuration pathway means that this Met precursor is of greater value than previously thought, due to its capacity to improve intestinal homeostasis and the quality of poultry products destined for human consumption.     

枳椇籽油a-亚麻酸的富集纯化工艺研究

本文研究了枳椇籽油中α-亚麻酸的富集纯化及工艺.通过正交试验确定了最佳的皂化工艺条件:以乙醇为皂化介质,皂化比例为1∶6.0,皂化温度为45℃,皂化时间为30 min.采用尿素包合法对枳椇籽油中α-亚麻酸的富集纯化及工艺条件进行了研究,结果表明:以丙酮为尿包介质、尿包比例为1∶4、尿包温度为0℃、尿包时间为10h,枳椇...     

Thermotoga neapolitana α-葡萄糖苷酶基因克隆及表达

本文拟克隆新阿波罗栖热袍菌(Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359)的一种α-葡萄糖苷酶基因(TNAG),其GenBank注册号为lcl27401。首先以T.neapolitana DSM 4359基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增目的基因并完成T克隆,在NCBI数据库中比对结果表明:目的基因与Thermotoqa sp.RQ2等氨基酸序列相似度高于99%。再将目的基因连接至表达载体pET-32a(+),并导入大肠杆菌Rosetta中用IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE显示表达蛋白的大小约为72KDa。热纯化后酶液测活反应的最适温度为80℃,最适pH在5.0左右。     

桦褐孔菌纯化多糖体外降血糖活性研究

采用水提醇沉法得到桦褐孔菌发酵粗多糖,将粗多糖过DEAE-52纤维素柱分离纯化得到两种多糖(EIOP1、EIOP2),本文以α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性、正常HepG2细胞及胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的单位细胞葡萄糖消耗量为主要指标,探究桦褐孔菌两种纯化多糖不同浓度(10、20、40、80、160和320 μg/mL)的降血糖活性,其中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性以阿卡波糖作为阳性对照,葡萄糖消耗实验以二甲双胍作为阳性对照。结果表明,EIOP1、EIOP2的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性均高于阳性对照组阿卡波糖与粗多糖,IC₅₀值分别为39.18、29.87 μg/mL。EIOP1在浓度为80 μg/mL时,对HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量极显著高于对照组,促进效果最好,比对照组提高了30.62%(P<0.01);EIOP2在浓度在40 μg/mL时,葡萄糖消耗量极显著高于对照组,比对照提高了75.99%(P<0.01);对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗实验发现EIOP1在浓度为40 μg/mL时,促进效果最好,比胰岛素抵抗组提高了30.00%,EIOP2在浓度为80 μg/mL时,促进效果最好,比胰岛素抵抗组提高了90.49%,高于Met组(P<0.01)。因此,桦褐孔菌纯化多糖对正常HepG2细胞和胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗均具有促进作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性显著高于粗多糖。     

Influence of free volume fraction,inter/intramolecular energy ratio,and chain segment density on the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory of the glass transition

Based upon computer analysis, the Gibbs-DiMarzio (G-DM) theory is evaluated for the case of (a) constant V₀ and (b) constant r where V₀ is the fractional free volume at T_g and r is the ratio of the hole (E₀) to the flex (ε) energy. For each respective case, results are presented in a reduced variables format that indicate the extent to which r and V₀ vary at the transition temperature as a function of the reciprocal degree of polymerization (P^?1). To further account for chemical differences that exist among polymers, an index (n) is introduced that ultimately incorporates the effective number average of chain atom segments (x?) per P?. Using these reduced variables plots, the effects of V₀, r, and n are compared with the T_g data for four well-documented polymers. Although the theory adequately describes the PMMA, PS, and PVC data, for PαMS the fit is doubtful. The analysis demonstrates that, in order to maintain V₀ within the range of 0.015–0.045, r must remain within approximately 1.0–1.1. Moreover, under conditions of either constant V₀ or r, other more flexible polymers require that $\text{n?10}$.     

CO偶联合成草酸酯催化剂国内专利技术进展

以煤炭为资源,通过CO气相偶联制备草酸酯、进而加氢合成乙二醇,成为间接法合成乙二醇的最佳工艺路线.在中国,已经利用该工艺建成了多套20× 104t/a级的工业装置,在“十二五”期间,还要陆续建设总产能约400×104t/a的乙二醇装置.中国在煤制乙二醇成套技术的开发和应用上走到了世界前列.CO偶联合成草酸酯催化剂技术,催化剂一般由载体、主催化剂和助催化剂组成.该催化剂的载体主要为α-A12O3,也可以是6-A12O3、SiO2、分子筛或以它们为主构成的复合载体;贵金属Pd几乎成为不可或缺的主催化剂.在此基础上,陆续开发了含一种、两种或三种助催化剂的催化剂体系,助催化剂主要选自La系元素、碱土金属元素、Fe、Cu、Mo、W、Co、Zn及Ti等过渡金属元素.同时,综述了复合载体催化剂、规整催化剂及金属骨架催化剂的进展.在一定的工艺条件下,CO单程转化率几乎接近75％,草酸酯选择性接近100％,草酸酯时空产率在1000g/(L·h).     

Hydrothermal synthesis of boehmites with various particle sizes and transition to α-Al2O3 powders by calcination

Boehmite powders with various particle sizes have been prepared by hydrothermal method and the α-Al2 O3 powders yielded after subsequent calcination have been studied. Dispersive crystalline boehmite powders of 30-100 nm, 0.4-0. 6μm and 1μm in size were obtained respectively by changing the hydrothermal precursors and the pH value of hydrothermal slurry. Calcination of boehmite powders of 30-100 nm at 1250℃ for 1h resulted in the formation of single-phase α-Al2O3,and the products consisted of vermicular particles. The boehmite powders of 0.4-0.6μm were also fully converted to α-Al2O3 at 1250℃, and the products consisted of plate-like particles with the same size of 0. 4-0. 6μm. The boehmite powders of 1μm calcined at 1350℃ for 2h were still composed of a little proportions of transition aluminas besides α-Al2 O3, and the particles sintered severely. The reaction processes for the formation of crystalline boehmites under hydrothermal conditions and α-Al2O3 powders during calcination have been discussed.     

长江沿岸部分NORM行业水中210Po的分析

人类所受辐射照射主要来源于天然辐射。本工作分析了长江沿岸部分NORM行业水中²¹⁰Po的浓度。结果表明,燃煤电厂、水泥厂、钢铁厂、铁矿排出水口中²¹⁰Po的活度浓度分别为(0.93～4.76)×10^-3 Bq/L、(1.12±0.07)×10^-2 Bq/L、(9.89±0.78)×10^-3 Bq/L、(2.17±0.21)×10^-3 Bq/L,均在长江水系²¹⁰Po的波动范围之内。稀土加工排放的废水和雨水中²¹⁰Po的活度浓度分别为(1.03~1.40)×10^-1Bq/L、(3.05±0.04)×10^-1Bq/L,比本底水平高两个数量级,需要引起特别关注,有待于进一步研究。