20°圆锥低速35°迎角下的压力分布特性

对半顶角为10°的圆锥-圆柱组合体在3.0×1.6m低速低湍流度风洞进行了圆锥表面压力分布测量.基于圆锥底面直径的雷诺数1.0×10(6),迎角35°,包含了以9°为等间隔的所有滚转角.实验结果包括9个截面周向压力,当地/总侧向力及力矩由表面压力分布积分得到.结果表明,侧向力系数随滚转角的变化曲线为近似方波,其周期和相位沿锥体轴向均相同;压力分布表明对称涡流场为绝对不稳定,不对称涡流场为双稳态;流动为非锥型流动.实验结果检验了前人的理论结果,并与现有的实验结果做了比较,结果吻合.     

平面上不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程五模截断方程组的标准型

把广义的类Lorenz系统推广到五维,给出了平面上不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程五模截断方程组广义的类Lorenz系统的标准型;讨论了截断方程组标准型的形式统一性。     

Alkaline treatment kinetics of calcium phosphate by piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance

Calcium phosphate film was prepared by electrochemical deposition technology. Subsequently, the alkaline treatment process of calcium phosphate film in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was monitored on real time by the piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance (PQCI) technique. The variations of morphology and composition for the alkaline treatment products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The dynamic variations of calcium phosphate can be characterized by the change of equivalent circuit parameters. The results show that the forming process of hydroxyapatite (HA) is composed of three stages: (1) acidic calcium phosphate dissolution; (2) phase transformation; and (3) HA formation. Furthermore, the correlative kinetic equations and parameters are obtained by fitting the static capacitance (C _s)—time curves. Foundation item: Project(2005CB623901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

Constitutive equations and finite element implementation of strain localization in sand deformation

A recently proposed model coupling with the solid-fluid of the saturated sand was utilized to study the deformation band. Based on the critical state plasticity model by Borja and Andrade, the hydraulic conductivity tensor was naturally treated as a function of the spatial discretization matrix about the displacement and the stress field, allowing a more realistic representation of the physical phenomenon. The fully Lagrangian form of the Darcy law was resolved by Piola algorithm, and then the flow law was gained, leading to the implementation of a modified model of the saturated sand. Then the criterion for the onset of localization was derived and utilized to detect instability. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element program coded by FORTRAN, which was used to predict the formation and development of shear bands in plane strain compression of saturated sand. At last, the formation mechanism of the shear band was discussed. It is shown that the model works well, and the simulation sample bifurcates at 1.18% axial strain, which is in a good qualitative agreement with the experiment. The pore pressure greatly affects the onset and development of the deformation band, and it obviously increases around the localization-prone regions with the direction toward the outer side of the normal of the shear band, while the pore stress flows nearly horizontally and is distributed equally far away the shear band region. Foundation item: Project(2006G007-C) supported by the Foundation of the Science and Technology Section of Ministry of Railway of China; Project(77206) supported by the Excellent PhD Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University, China     

渣油加氢结焦反应条件的研究

使用高压釜反应器,无催化剂条件下,考察了反应温度(410～440 ℃)、初始氢气压力(3.0～7.0 MPa)及停留时间(20～80 min)对渣油加氢结焦及转化率的影响.当温度、停留时间增加时,渣油转化率与结焦率都增大,而初始氢气压力增加时渣油转化率增大,结焦率变化不大.结果表明,反应温度为430 ℃、初始氢气压力为7.0 MPa和反应时间为20 min是现有渣油加氢工艺的最佳反应条件.     

半直线上积分方程逼近解

针对许多应用问题中,核函数性质不好,精确解不能得到,须考虑逼近解的情况,讨论半直线上积分方程的逼近解.对定义于L2[0,∞)的积分算子,给出截断算子的定义,赋予核函数简洁的条件,证明了相应积分算子的有界性、正则性和截断算子的紧性,得到截断逼近定理.在此基础上研究L2范数下半直线上积分方程的逼近解,得到解的逼近方式,建立了逼近估计定理.对于特殊类型的方程,得到了幂型和指数型逼近估计.从实例看出,对一类积分方程,逼近解的效果十分理想.     

基于新的描述湍流耗散方程的k-ζ两方程湍流模型的数值算法研究

对Navier-Stokes方程进行雷诺平均后出现的各关联项建模,通过新的描述湍流脉动耗散的变量构造耗散方程,建立是k-ζ两方程湍流模型,研究了k-ζ两方程湍流模型的数值求解方法.通过求解有限体积法离散的RANS流动控制方程,数值模拟了平板,翼型,机翼等不同湍流流场,并与理论解、实验值及SST k-ω模型进行比较,全面考察了k-ζ两方程湍流模型在湍流流场计算中的准确性及适用性.数值计算表明,通过建立新的耗散方程研究湍流的方法是可行的,目前的k-ζ两方程湍流模型具有良好的数值稳定性,并且计算结果要优于或者至少与传统的两方程模型精度相当.     

凝析气藏注气过程中露点压力变化特征研究

在凝析气藏循环注气和注气吞吐解除近井带反凝析堵塞的注气过程中,凝析气流体的露点压力变化较大,而在目前的凝析气藏开发过程中,对凝析气露点压力变化考虑较少.作者利用Nemeth.L.K和Kennedy.H.T.的露点压力计算经验公式,研究了向凝析气中注入N2、甲烷、CO2和丙烷等介质的过程中露点压力变化规律,并分析了衰竭式开发和注气过程中凝析气井近井带露点压力变化特征.结果表明,注甲烷使露点压力有较小幅度的减小;注入CO2和丙烷均可使凝析气露点压力有较大幅度降低;而注入N2将使露点压力升高.在凝析气藏衰竭式开发过程中,当近井带压力下降至露点压力以下时,距井筒越近,凝析气中重质组分含量越低,露点压力也越低.在注气吞吐的焖井阶段,反蒸发作用会引起凝析气中重质组分增加,露点压力将升高.     

不同载体端面造型的催化转换器数值模拟

用CFD软件FLUENT对3种不同载体端面造型的催化转换器的速度场、压力场进行了三维稳态流动数值模拟,模拟结果显示：载体端面造型对催化转换器的气流分布有很大影响,采用球形端面载体和锥形端面载体不仅可减少入口扩张管的气流分离,而且可以使其内部速度分布更均匀.     

偶数阶中立型差分方程最终正解的存在性

研究一类具连续变量偶数阶中立型时滞差分方程,利用Lebesgue控制收敛定理给出这类方程存在最终有界正解的一个充分必要条件,得到相应新的比较定理.