人工湿地填料吸附氮磷性能研究

人工湿地中,基质是将污水转变成清水,以及水生植物和微生物赖以生存的场所,也是有机污染物转为无机无毒物质的枢纽,其组成直接关系到水力负荷大小、水流流速和占地面积等因素,因此,很有必要对基质的组成加以深入地研究.笔者对不同填料(火山渣和砂子)的吸附行为作了对比实验,Langmuir等温方程和Freundlich等温方程都能拟合实验所得吸附数据:填料对含磷溶液的吸附过程中,火山渣最大吸附容量达到0.04,砂子为0.034;填料对含氮溶液的吸附过程中,火山渣最大吸附容量达到0.387,砂子仅为0.004.结果表明,火山渣具有良好的表面活性和孔隙结构,与表面光滑的砂子相比,火山渣具有更强的吸附效果.     

Ultraviolet-accelerated formation of bone-like apatite on oxidized Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn alloy

A novel method has been developed to rapidly deposit bone-like apatite with the assistance of ultraviolet （UV） light irradiation on the nanostructured titania in the simulated body fluid （SBF）. The process has three main steps： Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn alloy was heated at 650℃ for 3 h, UV-light illumination in air for 4 h and soaking in the SBF for 3 d. A titania coating consisted of main rutile formed on the thermal oxidized Ti-24Nb-4Zr- 7.9Sn alloy. The UV not only converted the futile surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic but also stimulated high surface activity. After 4 h UV illumination, the contents of Ti3＋ and hydroxyl groups on the oxidized sample were increased, while that of lattice O decreased. After 3 d of soaking in the SBF, a compact and uniform layer of carbonated hydroxyapatite （CHA） particles was formed on the UV-illuminated rutile surface whereas there was a few of HA to be viewed on the surface of as-oxidized Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn alloy. Our study demonstrates a simple, fast and cost-effective technique for growing bone-like apatite on titanium alloys.     

磺酸盐双子表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

以乙二胺、2-溴乙基磺酸钠、肉豆蔻酰氯等为原料,制备了阴离子型磺酸盐双子表面活性剂乙撑-双(N-乙磺酸-十四酰胺)钠盐,并对其相关性能进行了表征.结果表明,该双子表面活性剂在25 ℃时的临界胶束浓度为5.56×10-4 mol/L,相应表面张力为33.3 mN/m,表现出较好的表面活性;并具有优良的润湿性能.     

Synthesis and characterization of La（OH）_3 nanopowders from hydrolysis of lanthanum carbide

The lanthanum carbide alloy was induction melted in vacuum induction melting furnace from lanthanum and graphite with the mass ratio of 89:11. Lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) nanopowders were prepared by a simple hydrolysis of lanthanum carbide at room temperature under normal atmospheric pressure without any surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the nanoparticles were with a hex-agonal structure. The effect factors such as reaction time,reaction temperature and the mass ratio of lanthanum carbide p...     

AM-AMPS-DMDA水溶性疏水两性共聚物溶液性能的研究

采用自由基共聚合反应制备了水溶性丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）／２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙磺酸钠（ＮａＡＭＰＳ）／２－甲基丙烯酰氧乙基－二甲基十二烷基溴化铵（ＤＭＤＡ）疏水两性共聚物。对共聚物稀溶液性质及聚合物组成、聚合物浓度、电解质浓度、温度、剪切速率等因素对共聚物溶液性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明，由于在同一聚合物中引入了疏水结构及两性离子结构，这类疏水两性聚合物表现出较好的耐温抗盐等性能。     

驱油用表面活性聚合物SLH-Ⅰ的水溶液流变特性

报道了具有表面活性的驱油用丙烯酰胺共聚物SLH-Ⅰ水溶液45℃下的流变特性.SLH-Ⅰ分子支链上含有季铵盐型表面活性基团.与HPAM聚合物MO4000相比,在相同浓度下(≤2.0 g/L)SLH-Ⅰ在蒸馏水中的增黏能力高1倍,在矿化度5.2 g/L的含钙镁模拟污水中高5倍以上.当剪切速率由0.1 1/s增至1000 1/s时,0.5～2.0 g/L SLH-Ⅰ模拟污水溶液的黏度先上升(剪切增稠)后下降(剪切变稀),而MO4000溶液的黏度基本上是下降的(剪切变稀).0.5～2.0 g/L的SLH-Ⅰ蒸馏水溶液在频率0.1～100 Hz区间的G′、G″曲线,与一般HPAM相比有明显差别,低频率下G′＞G″而高频率下G″＞G′,且转变点频率随溶液浓度升高而增大,即SLH-Ⅰ在低溶液浓度、低频率下即具有高的弹性.浓度均为1.0 g/L的模拟污水溶液,SLH-Ⅰ的G′和G″均高于MO4000,G′更高出一个数量级.SLH-Ⅰ的这种特殊流变性与其分子间的强相互作用导致的超分子结构形成有关.根据聚合物溶液与原油摇振乳化后分水率随时间的变化,MO4000不能乳化原油,SLH-Ⅰ在溶液浓度≥0.5 g/L时可乳化原油,溶液浓度越高乳状液越稳定,1.0 g/L溶液与原油在油水体积比1:9～6:4时形成O/W乳状液,7:3～9:1时形成W/O乳状液.图7参6.