预氧化-铁盐沉淀法处理高浓度含砷废水的试验研究

对某砷化镓半导体企业生产过程中产生的高浓度含砷(As)废水,采用过氧化氢(H2 O2)预氧化结合氯化铁(FeCl3)沉淀法进行处理.研究确定了H2O2的投加量,并考察了Fe与As物质的量比、pH值和反应时间等试验条件对砷去除效果的影响.结果表明,当30％H2 O2用量为1.5 mL/L,Fe与As物质的量比为2.5,pH值为8.0,反应时间为2 h时,废水中的总砷浓度可从884 mg/L降低至0.164 mg/L,达到项目环评要求的0.2 mg/L的排放标准.     

蒽醌法合成过氧化氢催化剂的研究进展

过氧化氢（H₂O₂, 俗称双氧水）, 由于其强氧化性常用作漂白剂、消毒剂, 同时也作化工原料。目前工业上生产过氧化氢的主要方法为蒽醌法, 全球近99%的产品均通过蒽醌法制得。研究具有高活性、高选择性及经济性的催化剂是合成过氧化氢所面对的最具挑战性的课题, 同时也是工业催化领域的研究热点之一。主要针对蒽醌法制过氧化氢催化剂, 综述了各种活性组分、载体及助剂在蒽醌加氢催化剂中的研究进展, 并简单探讨了各种活性组分的优缺点, 概括了各种载体、助剂的作用, 以期对过氧化氢催化剂的合成制备提供一些有益的启示。     

“十三五”期间我国铅锌硫化矿选矿技术进展

“十三五”期间,为实现我国铅锌硫化矿的高效选别、选矿过程的节能降耗、废水废渣的循环利用,我国选矿工作者进行了大量研究工作,并取得了较大的进展。本文通过梳理“十三五”期间我国铅锌硫化矿选矿新技术进展,系统地论述了铅锌硫化矿的高效选别技术、清洁选矿技术和节能降耗技术等。相关新技术的应用,解决了我国铅锌矿产资源主金属回收率与伴生资源综合利用率低、选矿成本与设备能耗高、选矿废水治理与回用困难等问题,全面提高了我国铅锌硫化矿资源的开发利用水平,具有良好的应用推广价值。      

过氧化氢分光光度法测定湿法提钒工艺中钒

为了提高湿法提钒工艺过程控制效率,采用以过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺)显色特性为基础的过氧化氢分光光度法测定钒含量,实现了样品中钒含量的现场快速测定。首先通过在试样溶液中加入适量氢氧化钠溶液,调整溶液pH值至9～10,然后加入过氧化氢将低价态钒全部氧化至钒(V),再加入硫酸调整溶液至酸性,钒(V)与过氧化氢在室温下形成稳定的红棕色过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺),于450 nm处测定吸光度。钒质量浓度在2.0~400 mg/L内与吸光度值符合比尔定律。采用实验方法测定3种湿法冶金提钒液体试样(包括钒浸取溶液、钒盐沉淀后溶液以及废水等)中钒,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.38%、3.5%和7.6%;与高锰酸钾氧化-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法结果相一致。     

碳氮共渗“三段控制”工艺

在我国，碳氮共渗技术的研究与应用肇始于上世纪60年代初。我单位较早地研究了20Cr2Ni4A钢高浓度碳氮共渗工艺，于上世纪70年代初开始正式应用于坦克齿轮生产中，并陆续完成了高浓度碳氮共渗工艺在应用技术方面的理论研究，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益，在国内得到推广应用。     

Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace vanadium in fly ash and coal gangue by Triton X-1O0 enhancing effect

Trace Ⅴ(Ⅴ) catalyzes mightily the decolorization reaction of arsenazo Ⅲ(AsA Ⅲ) by oxidizing with H2O2 in a pH 4.0 HAc-NaAc buffer solution, and the addition of Triton X-100 can further increase the sensitivity of the reaction and its catalytic extent is linear with the content of Ⅴ(Ⅴ). A catalytic spectrophotometric procedure for determining trace Ⅴ(Ⅴ)was developed. The results show that the maximun absorption of the color solution is at 560 nm and the detection limit of the method for Ⅴ(Ⅴ) is 0.014 mg.L^-1. Beer‘s law is obeyed for Ⅴ(Ⅴ) in the range of 0.00-0.20 mg.L^-1.The recoveries are 99.0%-104.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) are 2.7%-3.7%. Combined with ion-exchange resin, the method has been applied to the determination of trace vanadium in fly ash and coal gangue with satisfactory results.     

Preparation of alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowders by microwave-assisted peroxyl-complex coprecipitation

Alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia （ADYSZ） nanopowders were prepared by microwave-assisted peroxyl-complex coprecipitation （MAPCC） using ZrOCl2-8H2O, Y2O3 and AICly6H2O as starting materials, NH2-H2O as precipitant and H2O2 as complexant. The effects of adding H2O2 and microwave drying on the preparation and properties of ADYSZ were investigated. The precursors and nanopowders were studied by EDX, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The results show that the uniformity of component distribution within ADYSZ nanopowders is improved by adding appropriate dosage of H2O2. Complexing reaction between H2O2 and Zr^4＋ ion restrains the hydrolyzation and precipitation of Zr^4＋ ion. With the addition of H2O2, Al^3＋, y^3＋ and Zr^4＋ ions can be precipitated synchronously in a relatively narrow range of pH value. H2O2 also improves the filterability of the wet precipitate. The highly hydrophilic precipitates can be quickly and effectively separated from aqueous solution. During microwave drying process, the moisture of wet precursors is selectively heated. Quick expansion of steam vapor within the wet colloidal particles causes the aggregations burst into numerous tiny lumps. Compared with oven drying, microwave drying can not only shorten drying time but also reduce aggregation intensity of the resultant ADYSZ nanopowders.     

室温高浓度溶液化学反应法合成纳米晶

本文提出用室温高浓度溶液化学反应法合成纳米晶。用此方法合成出了ZnS、ZnO,产率大于91%,XRD、TEM分析确认合成的产物均为纳米晶。     

Dow和Bayer AG合作建HPPO厂

Dow化学公司和Bayer AG正在合作使他们的过氧化氢法制环氧丙烷(简称HPPO)的工艺工业化，在比利时Antwerp将建世界级规模的HPPO工厂，初期生产能力为3万t/a，项目于2006年开始建设，预期2008年投产。该项目的投产将更好地满足环氧丙烷衍生物特别是聚氨酯工业对环氧丙烷的需求。