镁钴铝类水滑石催化合成安息香甲醚

采用共沉淀法制备了镁钴铝类水滑石化合物(MgCoAl-HTLcs),并用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、NH_3程序升温脱附等方法对 MgCoAl-HTLcs 进行了表征,并以 MgCoAl-HTLcs 为催化剂催化苯甲醛与甲醇反应合成安息香甲醚,研究了n(Mg):n(Co):n(Al)、催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对合成反应的影响。表征结果显示,MgCoAl-HTLcs 的晶相完整,表面主要为弱酸、弱碱性。催化合成安息香甲醚的适宜条件为:MgCoAl-HTLcs 催化剂用量0.10 g(约为原料总质量的0.23%),n(Mg):n(Co):n(Al)=0.4:1.6:1.0,V(苯甲醛):V(甲醇)=3:50,反应温度50℃,反应时间150 min。在此条件下,苯甲醛的平衡转化率达77.49%,安息香甲醚选择性接近100%。为洁净合成安息香甲醚开辟了一条新的途径。     

Influence of Reaction Parameters on the Hydrogenolysis of Hydroxymatairesinol Over Carbon Nanofibre Supported Palladium Catalysts

The density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations were applied to investigate the interaction of a Pt₆ particle with the ZSM-5 zeolite framework. The electronic structure of the metal particle is strongly affected by the interaction with basic framework oxygens and acid sites of the zeolite support. Adsorption on basic sites (E_ads = 6 kcal/mol) favors the formation of the electron enriched metal cluster. Interaction of the platinum cluster with the acid site characterized by stabilization energy of 47 kcal/mol results in oxidation of the metal particle and suppression of Brønsted acidity of the support. The hypothesis is put forward that the oxidized platinum particle can function as an active site for the alkane isomerisation on platinum supported high silica zeolites.     

Low temperature synthesis of aluminium titanate by an aqueous sol-gel route

Formation of aluminium titanate (AT) has been achieved at low temperature through sol-gel process using boehmite and titanium hydroxide as precursors by controlling the particle size at nanoscale followed by in-situ peptisation. The formations of AT phase, particle size distributions, sintering and thermal expansion characteristics, and microstructural features have been reported. DTA and XRD analysis have been performed to confirm the formation of AT. A 94% relative density was obtained for aluminium titanate sintered at 1550 °C with controlled grain size in the range of 2-3 μm.     

4-(2-噻唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺与铑(Ⅲ)显色反应研究及其应用

研究了显色剂 4 ( 2 噻唑偶氮 ) 5 二甲氨基苯胺 (简称TADMA)与铑 的显色反应。结果表明 ,在 pH3 2～ 4 8范围内 ,铑 与TADMA反应形成 1∶2红色络合物 ,加入无机酸后色泽加深 ,络合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为 1 2 1× 10 5,铑质量浓度在 0～ 0 92 μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律。本方法操作简便 ,灵敏度高 ,选择性好 ,常见金属离子在一定范围内无干扰 ,用于催化剂中微量铑的测定 ,结果满意     

Deactivation of V2O5-WO3-TiO2 SCR catalyst at a biomass-fired combined heat and power plant

The deactivation of a commercial type V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ monolith catalyst under biomass combustion was studied at a full-scale grate-fired power plant burning straw/wood using a slip stream pilot scale reactor. The aerosols in the flue gas consisted of a mixture of potassium chloride and sulphate. Three catalyst elements were exposed at 350 °C, and one element was exposed at 250 °C for comparison. The catalyst activity was measured in the reactor at the exposure temperature by addition of NH₃ and extra NO. The activity, in terms of a first-order rate constant, dropped by 52% after about 1140 h indicating a very fast deactivation compared to coal firing. It was also found that the reactor temperature was not of importance for the deactivation rate. SEM-EDX analysis showed that particle deposition and pore blocking contributed to the deactivation by decreasing the diffusion rate of NO and NH₃ into the catalyst. However, potassium also penetrated into the catalyst wall and the resulting average K/V ratio in the catalyst structure was high enough (about 0.3–0.5) for a significant chemical deactivation. Chemisorption studies carried out in situ showed that the amount of chemisorbed NH₃ on the catalyst decreased as a function of exposure time, which reveals that Brøndsted acid sites had reacted with potassium compounds and thereby rendered inactive. When washed by 0.5 M H₂SO₄ the regenerated catalyst regains a higher activity than that of the fresh catalyst at temperatures higher than 300 °C, but even though reactivation is possible, the deactivation rate appears too high for practical use of the SCR process in straw combustion.     

Ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 using rotating packed bed and stirred tank reactor

This study investigates the ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by using the rotating packed bed (RPB) and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as ozone contactors. The RPB, which provides high gravitational force by adjusting the rotational speed, was employed as a novel ozone contactor. The same ozone dosage was separately introduced into either the RPB or the CSTR for the investigation, while the experimental solution was continuously circulated within the apparatus consisting of the RPB and CSTR. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of RB5 in the course of ozonation are compared for these two methods. Moreover, the dissolved and off‐gas ozone concentrations were simultaneously monitored for the further analysis. As a result, the ozone mass transfer rate per unit volume of the RPB was significantly higher because of its higher mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid concentration driving force. Furthermore, ozonation kinetics was found to be independent of the gravitational magnitude of an ozone gas–liquid contactor. Therefore, the results suggest employing RPBs as ozone‐contacting devices with the advantage of volume reduction. The experimental results, which can be used for further modeling of the ozonation process in the RPB, also show the requirement of correct design for the RPB. Consequently, the present study is useful for the understanding of practical application of RPBs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

高速钢W6Mo5Cr4V2的脱磷试验

在３０ｋｇ感应炉上用ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＣａＦ２－ＦｅｘＯ（ＭｏＯ３）渣、ＭｏＣｌ６粉剂和Ａｌ－Ｃａ合金作脱磷剂对高速钢Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２进行脱磷试验。结果表明，ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＣａＦ２－ＦｅｘＯ渣的脱磷效果最好，一般脱磷率可达２６％￣５６％。     

填充型UTP5类缆的设计和生产控制

对多线对填充型UTP5类室外干线电缆的性能，设计作了简单介绍，并提出了控制要点。     

火烧油层技术在庙5块低渗透稠油油藏中的应用

方法在物理模拟的基础上，利用数值模拟及油藏工程方法，对影响火烧油层的技术参数进行了优选研究，并对影响火驱成败的油藏地质参数、注气参数进行了分析。目的寻找适合庙５块低渗透稠油油藏的开采方法。结果提出了庙５块火驱的最佳开采方式、点火参数及注气参数；庙５块火驱生产后，平均单井日产液由０１ｔ上升到５６ｔ，平均单井日产油由０１ｔ上升到３５ｔ，生产２６ｄ后由于压风机供风不足被迫停止火驱注气；从数模结果看：火驱最终采收率可达３９８％。结论火烧油层是一种潜力很大的稠油开采方法，但其物理、化学反应机理复杂，火烧前缘难以控制；庙５块火驱初期虽然见到了一定的生产效果，但没有取得经济效益     

糠醛注水——润滑油糠醛精制装置的节能途径

介绍了用水稀释糠醛使润滑油糠醛精制装置节能的途径。通过注水——糠醛－水溶液（含水９５％左右），可降低糠醛的气化沸点，增大换热系统的传热温差，改善换热效果，更多地回收能量，达到节约能源的目的。