自韧Si3N4陶瓷的显微结构及其性能研究

利用热压的方法制得室温断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为１１．２ＭＰａ·ｍ￣（１／２）、８２３ＭＰａ，高温（１３５０℃）断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为２３．９ＭＰａ·ｍ￣（１／２）、６３０ＭＰａ的自韧Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４陶瓷。研究了显微结构和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：玻璃相的含量、β－Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４的长径比等对性能有重要影响。分析了自韧Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４陶瓷的增韧机理，通过ＳＥＭ明显观察到Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４中存在裂纹偏转、分支和β－Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４拔出现象。     

马来酸及其酐和衣康酸与PP熔体接枝反应机理的研究

以马来酸酐作对照，用热分析、流变、化学分析等方法，研究了马来酸和衣康酸在非隔氧条件下与ＰＰ熔体催化接枝反应的特点和规律，阐述了单体结构－单元反应相对速率－－接枝产物结构之间的关系，提出了３种接枝物的结构模型。     

精轧油膜轴承密封失效机理的初步分析

对油膜轴承密封出现的进水、漏油现象作了大量的调查、测量和统计分析，找出了产生质量事故的根本原因，提出了解决措施。     

雁翎油田注氮气提高采收率工艺技术

在现有的提高采收率方法中,注气驱是应用较广、效果较好的方法,特别是注氮气驱由于其气源广泛、价廉经济、无腐蚀性,以及要求的油藏地质结构特征和原油的物理性质等因素的变化范围广泛等特产,这种提高采收率的方法应用的最为普及,代表了目前提高采收率的发展方向。结合雁翎油田实例,简要介绍了注氮气提高采收率的机理、注气井组建设、制氮工艺及注气后的采油完井方式、方法。     

乙烯基三甲基硅烷等离子体聚合反应历程

应用色谱—质谱(GC-MS)及裂解色谱-质谱(PGC-MS)测定了乙烯基三甲基硅烷等离子体聚合反应中的气体冷凝物及聚合物,研究推导了等离子体聚合反应历程。单体在气相中被电子撞击,然后扩散到基底,在基底发生链增长和链终止反应。     

Stationary and traveling hot spots in the catalytic combustion of hydrogen in monoliths

In the course of catalytic combustion of hydrogen (1-5% H₂ in air) in monolith reactors, strongly localized stationary and traveling hot spots arise in response to a sudden and persistent rise of gas flow velocity. Such hot spots may occur, e.g. in a catalytic converter following the acceleration of a car or in a catalytic combustor as a result of a load increase. This phenomenon is illustrated by simulations using a two-phase reactor model. The temperature overshoot of the adiabatic limit is typically of the order of the adiabatic temperature rise itself.The following mechanism underlies this behavior. Light fuel is supplied to the catalytic wall by fast diffusion (in the direction perpendicular to flow), while the heat released by reaction is removed from the wall by the slower, mixture-averaged heat conduction. This leads to accumulation of heat at the catalytic surface that eventually saturates at high temperatures. The hot spots may exhibit intricate dynamics, propagating downstream or upstream, or they may remain stationary. The direction of propagation depends on the relative strength of convective downstream and conductive upstream contributions to the overall displacement of reaction fronts. Generally, the hot spot tends to drift downstream at low flow velocities, remain stationary at intermediate flow velocities, and drift upstream at high flow velocities.     

核素^147Pm在细胞内滞留的电镜放射自显影研究

木文用电镜放射自显影术研究了重核裂片~(147)Pm在体内亚细胞水平滞留动态。发现~(147)Pm的内污染沉积早期在血细胞和血管内皮细胞中,尤以在红细胞的沉积为多。~(147)Pm呈选择性滞留于肝细胞亚微结构中,可较多的掺入枯否细胞、肝细胞核和核仁内,在胞质中的糙面内质网、线粒体、微体和糖元中亦有滞留,且主要沉积于糙面内质网和线粒体,在高尔基复合体与糙面内质网所芽生的转移小泡融合处,亦有~(147)Pm滞留的放射自显影象。而在肾小体足细胞的线粒体和溶酶体中,有浓集的放射自显影径迹呈现。在肾近端小管曲部上皮细胞核中和胞质的线粒体和微体中,亦有较多的~(147)Pm滞留。 随着观察时间的延续,~(147)Pm在骨有机质亚微结构中呈现选择性、持续性的沉积增多。可浓集于破骨细胞和成骨细胞核中。此外在骨组织细胞间质中的胶原纤维部位,亦有较多的~(147)Pm沉积,难以排除。     

Gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan solutions estimated in terms of concentration fluctuation

The gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan aqueous solutions was investigated by using polarized light scattering and X-ray diffraction techniques in terms of the liquid-liquid phase separation. When an incident beam of He-Ne gas laser was directed to the gel prepared by quenching the agarose solution, the logarithm of scattered intensity increased linearly in the initial stage and tended to deviate from this linear relationship in the latter stage. If the linear increase in the initial stage could be analyzed within the framework of the linear theory of spinodal decomposition proposed by Cahn, the phase diagram indicated that the gelation is attributed to the phase separation due to the concentration fluctuation of solution. Furthermore, in the later stage showing the deviation of the linear relationship, light scattering under Hv polarization condition showed a X-type pattern indicating the existence of optically anisotropic rods, the optical axes being parallel or perpendicular with respect to the rod axis. In spite of the existence of the rods, no crystallites were confirmed by the corresponding X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements. For κ-carrageenan solutions, the logarithm of scattered intensity against time showed a constant value. This indicated that the gelation of κ-carrageenan solutions is independent of liquid-liquid phase separation but is due to the rapid formation of cross-linking points. Accordingly it turns out that the small difference of chemical structure between agarose and κ-carrageenan causes quite different gelation mechanism.     

GH871 合金的蠕变断裂机制

对采用AIM+ESR和VIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金在650 ℃的蠕变性能及特征的研究表明,与用AIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金相比,用VIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金在蠕变断裂过程中裂纹萌生的形式(包括裂纹形状及形成时间)和裂纹扩展至裂纹连接所需的时间均表现出明显韧化的特征.     

Mechanism for the Peritectic Reaction and Growth of Aligned Grains in YBa2Cu3O6+x

It is experimentally observed that the peritectic reaction, 211 + liquid → 123, can be driven essentially to completion in 1 h at an undercooling of only ∽30°C. The kinetic data, together with the observed microstructures, are inconsistent with the normal mechanism of the peritectic reaction. It is proposed that the mechanism of the reaction involves dissolution of 211 particles into the liquid and precipitation of solid 123. The aligned grain structure is explained through sympathetic nucleation of new 123 grains on existing grains.