Advances in Epoxy/Graphene Nanoplatelet Composite with Enhanced Physical Properties: A Review

In this review, development from graphene nanoplatelet, that is, comprised of short bulk of single layer graphene, into modified-polymer/graphene nanoplatelet composite is presented. Preparation methods of graphite, graphene, and graphene nanoplatelets have also been discussed. Graphene nanoplatelet and modified graphene nanoplatelet commend unique properties to composites such as excellent thermal and electrical conductivity as well as mechanical and barrier properties. Graphene nanoplatelet fabrication techniques by solution mixing, melt blending, and in situ polymerization are also discussed. Excellent dispersion of nanoplatelets in polymer/graphene nanoplatelet depends upon the selection of suitable fabrication technique. Moreover, the corresponding significance, exploitation, challenges, and future aspect of polymer/graphene nanoplatelet-based material is overviewed.     

Long‐term testing of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: The effect of reactant gases

The investigations have been conducted with different oxidants and fuels with the aim of determining the state‐of‐the‐art of commercially available high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on polybenzimidazole for its application in combined heat and power generation systems. The fuel cell test performed with synthetic reformate (?63 μV/h) showed an increase of anode charge and mass transfer resistances. This behavior has suggested that CO may be generated from the CO₂ included in the synthetic reformate via reverse water gas shift reaction. The fuel cell test performed with pure O₂ developed the highest degradation rates (?70 μV/h) due to fast oxidative degradation of membrane electrode assembly materials such as cathode catalyst and membrane. Fuel cell operation with H₂/air exhibited the lowest degradation rates (?57 μV/h) and it requires longer investigating times to identify the different degradation mechanisms. Moreover, fuel cell tests performed with air suggested longer break‐in procedures to complete catalyst activation and redistribution of electrolyte. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 217–227, 2016     

A Precursor Approach to Electrospun Polyaniline Nanofibers for Gas Sensors

Polyaniline (PANI) has served as one of the most promising conducting materials in a variety of fields including sensors, actuators, and electrodes. Fabrication of 1D PANI fibers using electrospinning methods has gained a significant amount of attention. Due to the extremely poor solubility of PANI in common organic solvents, fabrication of electrospun PANI fiber has been carried out either by using corrosive solvents such as H₂SO₄ or by electrospinning in the presence of other matrix polymers. Herein, a new approach to the fabrication of PANI fibers using tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐protected PANI (t‐Boc PANI) as the conducting polymer precursor is reported. The t‐Boc PANI is soluble in common organic solvents (e.g., chloroform and tetrahydrofuran), and electrospinning of t‐Boc PANI in those solvents affords nano/micrometer‐sized t‐Boc PANI fibers. Treatment of the electrospun t‐Boc PANI fibers with HCl results in the removal of the acid labile t‐Boc group and the generation of conducting (≈20 S cm^?1) PANI fibers. The HCl‐doped PANI fibers are successfully used in the detection of gaseous ammonia with a detection limit of 10 ppm.

     

Preparation,Characterization, and Dielectric Properties of PP/CaTiO3 Composites for Microwave Substrate Applications

Calcium titanate (CaTiO₃) filled polypropylene (PP) composites have been fabricated through compression molding method. The phase purity of the PP/CaTiO₃ composites was studied using X‐ray diffraction studies. Scanning electron microscopy technique has been employed to study the dispersion of the particulate filler in the PP matrix. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites were measured at X‐band frequency region using waveguide cavity perturbation technique. PP/CaTiO₃ composite has an effective dielectric constant of 11.74 and loss tangent 0.007 at optimum filler loading. The experimental dielectric constant of filled composites was compared with theoretically predicted dielectric constant values obtained using different modeling approaches. The linear coefficient of thermal expansion of PP/CaTiO₃ composites was studied using thermomechanical analyzer.     

高聚物黏结炸药的力学性能研究进展

从材料的力学行为特性、实验方法、本构模型和强度理论4个方面对高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)的力学性能特征进行了归纳和评述。指出应变率和温度对材料应力状况的影响及动态力学性能分析是目前PBX研究的热点和难点。认为可以借鉴研究混凝土和高聚物的一些方法来建立PBX的本构模型和失效准则。指出选择和改进现有测试技术时,须考虑PBX的含能敏感性、大变形等特性。对PBX力学性能的理论研究、实验技术及数值模拟等方面需要开展的工作提出了一些看法。认为复杂环境下的力学响应和细观建模模拟应是今后研究的重点方向。附参考文献93篇。     

β-环糊精聚合物对亚甲基蓝染料分子的吸附对比研究

为了更好研究环糊精与环氧氯丙烷交联聚合物水凝胶(CD-EPI)的吸附性能,以β-CD-EPI以及羧甲基化的β-环糊精聚合物水凝胶(CM-β-CD-EPI)为吸附剂,对比研究了不同吸附条件下二者对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料分子的吸附性能,得出:对于带电的MB分子来说,CM-β-CD-PAM较β-CD-PAM具有更高的吸附速率;中性或者碱性环境较酸性环境更适合这两种吸附剂对MB的吸附;由于环糊精的空腔包结作用,高温不利于吸附剂对MB的吸附。     

沉淀聚合法制备吲哚乙酸印迹聚合物及其吸附性能研究

以吲哚乙酸(IAA)为模板分子、乙腈为致孔剂,采用沉淀聚合法制备了其分子印迹聚合物,通过静态吸附实验研究了致孔剂乙腈的用量及4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)和丙烯酰胺(AA)两种不同性质的功能单体(M)对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响。结果表明,以4-VP为M,乙腈的加入量分别为20、25、37.5和50 m L时,制备的印迹聚合物P1~P4均具有良好的分散性,且聚合物P4对IAA具有最显著的印迹效应(印迹因子IF=2.92);而在同样条件下以AA为M的印迹聚合物的印迹效应较小(IF=1.73)。选择性实验表明,聚合物P4能够从吲哚羧酸同系物中选择性结合IAA。Scatchard分析表明,聚合物P4对IAA表现出两类结合位点,其高亲和力与低亲和力结合位点的平衡离解常数分别为Kd1=0.798 mmol/L和Kd2=7.76 mmol/L,对应的最大结合量分别为21.0和90.7μmol/g。     

液晶聚合物纤维的牵引工艺与性能

通过单螺杆挤出机挤出,利用牵引机的不同牵引速度获得不同液晶聚合物纤维试样,采用万能试验机、电子显微镜扫描(SEM)分析其力学性能和内部取向.结果表明:随着牵引速度增大,其内部的取向逐渐规整,内部组成的微纤排列越紧凑,导致液晶聚合物纤维的弹性模量增大;同时,当牵引速度到达一定数值时,取向程度不再增大,液晶聚合物纤维的弹性模量呈下降趋势;在一定时间段内,经过温度为150℃的后处理,将使液晶聚合物纤维内部分子结构达到更完善的取向状态,力学性能有所提高.     

A new (3,4,7)-connected topology framework based on [Cd2(CO2)3O4N2] second building unit

A new 3D coordination polymer [Cd₂(L³)(BTC)(H₂O)] (1) (HL³ = 3,5-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzoic acid, H₃BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), has been isolated under hydrothermal condition and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is constructed from Cd₂-based second building units (SBUs) [Cd₂(CO₂)₃O₄N₂] and displays a 3D (3,4,7)-connected net with (4²·6)(4³·6³)(4⁵·6¹¹·8⁵) topology. In addition, the photoluminescent spectra indicate compound 1 may be a good candidate for blue-luminescent materials.     

聚合物熔体的介电性能研究

研究了聚碳酸酯（PC）、低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）两种聚合物熔体的介电性能。结果表明, PC熔体在220~320 ℃范围内,PE-LD熔体在120~300 ℃温度范围内,两种聚合物熔体的介电常数在低频时随频率的增加而显著减小;频率为10 Hz时,PC熔体的介电常数在220~320 ℃范围内随温度的升高而增大,介电常数变化较大,而频率为100~1 000 Hz时,PC熔体的介电常数在此温度范围内随温度的升高变化较小;频率为10 Hz时,PE-LD熔体的介电常数在120~300 ℃范围内随温度的升高表现出先增大后减小,再增大的复杂关系,频率为1 000 Hz时,PE-LD熔体的介电常数受温度的影响较小。