Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Anion‐Trapping Boron Moieties via One‐Step Synthesis for Symmetrical Supercapacitors

A novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) which is based on new synthesized boron‐containing monomer, benzyl methacrylate, 1 m LiClO₄/N,N‐dimethylformamidel liquid electrolyte solution is prepared through a one‐step synthesis method. The boron‐containing GPE (B‐GPE) not only displays excellent mechanical behavior, favorable thermal stability, but also exhibits an outstanding ionic conductivity of 2.33 mS cm^?1 at room temperature owing to the presence of anion‐trapping boron sites. The lithium ion transference in this gel polymer film at ambient temperature is 0.60. Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitor which is fabricated with B‐GPE as electrolyte and reduced graphene oxide as electrode demonstrates a broad potential window of 2.3 V. The specific capacitance of symmetrical B‐GPE supercapacitors retains 90% after 3000 charge–discharge cycles at current density of 1 A g^?1.     

高分子絮凝剂处理高浓度化妆品原料生产废水研究

化妆品原料生产过程中产生的废水水质成分复杂、有机物含量高、难降解,利用混凝工艺处理该废水能够减缓生化处理单元的负担,提高污水处理效率。为揭示无机高分子混凝剂混凝过程中污染物的去除机制和污泥性质的变化,考察了不同的絮凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）和助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）投加浓度对污染物去除率和污泥性质的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线能谱（EDX）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析仪（TGA）分析污泥絮体官能团、表面形貌、元素组成和热稳定性的变化,采用三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）和超滤技术分析出水中有机物分子量的分布规律和有机物成分的变化,优化最佳混凝工艺运行条件。结果表明：进水中的天然有机物（NOM）荧光强度高,有机物分子量主要分布在>100×10³和<3×10³区间,其所占比例分别为22.89%和50.57%。当进水COD为6700~7500 mg/L时,在助凝剂PAM投加浓度为0.03 g/L,PAC、PFS和PAFC投加浓度分别为2.8 g/L、2.8 g/L和3.0 g/L的条件下,COD去除率分别为87.20%、79.89%和83.74%,出水浊度分别为2.54 NTU、9.3 NTU和5.51 NTU,NOM荧光强度大大减弱。其中,PAC+PAM对废水中有机物去除效果最好,出水有机物分子量主要分布在(10~30)×10³和<3×10³范围内,其所占比例分别为31.84%和25.92%,形成的混凝污泥具有较好的热稳定性,污泥表面蓬松,呈多孔网状结构。混凝工艺可吸附脂类大分子物质,提高了高浓度化妆品原料生产废水的可生化性。     

超临界CO2压裂液增黏剂的长管实验评价及增黏机制探讨

针对超临界CO₂压裂中CO₂黏度低、携砂困难等问题,开展6种超临界CO₂压裂液增黏剂的性能研究。分析增黏剂聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯、氟化丙烯酸酯、聚甲基倍半硅氧烷、聚甲基倍半硅氧烷-乙酸乙烯酯以及氟化丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯的分子结构,测试其增黏效果及热稳定性,评价温度、压力、增黏剂注入量对超临界CO₂压裂液黏度的影响,测试不同管径中压裂液的阻力系数,并探讨超临界CO₂增黏的机制。实验结果表明,在温度为50℃、压力为12MPa、注入增黏剂质量分数为3%时,氟化丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯对超临界CO₂的增黏效果最好,增黏倍数为316.7倍,黏度值为15.202mPa·s;改善增黏剂在CO₂中的溶解性可以有效提高超临界CO₂压裂液的黏度;具备两亲特性、具有无定形、无规则结构特征以及分子上既存在路易斯酸又有路易斯碱的共聚物能有效提高其在CO₂中的溶解性,并形成大分子相互缠绕的空间网络结构,达到增黏的效果。该研究对超临界CO₂增黏剂的研制以及超临界CO₂压裂施工具有重要的现实意义。     

L-赖氨酸改性聚天冬氨酸的阻垢缓蚀性能与生物降解性

L-赖氨酸经过氨解反应合成一种改性聚天冬氨酸衍生物（Lys-PASP）,用FTIR红外谱图证明了Lys-PASP分子中同时含有羧基和酰胺基等基团。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）的分析结果可知：Lys-PASP的加入使溶液中CaCO₃和CaSO₄的钙垢晶体的生长过程和形态发生变化,使得钙垢疏松、细小,抑制了它们长成致密结构的钙垢,从而达到很好的阻垢效果;Lys-PASP的加入使钙垢晶型变化,减缓了试片表面点蚀的发生;另外通过化学和物理的吸附作用在试片表面形成一层吸附膜而达到较好的缓蚀效果。探讨了Lys-PASP接枝聚合物对CaCO₃和CaSO₄垢的阻垢能力与Lys-PASP的投加量、Ca²⁺的浓度和测试体系的温度之间的密切联系。当Lys-PASP的投加量为10 mg·L^-1时,对CaCO₃的阻垢率为98.7%,对CaSO₄阻垢率接近于100%,而在温度达到80℃、Ca²⁺分别达到500 mg·L^-1和7000 mg·L^-1的浓度时,Lys-PASP也表现出很好的阻垢效果。另外,用失重法研究了当Lys-PASP和PASP均为150 mg·L^-1时,Lys-PASP的缓蚀率比PASP高13%;用摇床实验法证明了Lys-PASP属于易生物降解的物质。     

提高复合驱油体系的抗钙镁能力研究

针对中原油田的胡状原油 ,在已筛选出SD驱油剂的基础上 ,在配方中添加两性离子表面活性剂 ,使原有配方的抗钙镁能力由 35 0mg/L提高到 2 0 0 0mg/L。并在SD复合驱油体系中进行了阳离子聚合物抗钙镁能力的研究。     

智能型高分子凝胶及其在化工分离领域中的应用

介绍了具有温度、光、电场、pH值、化学物质等刺激响应性的各种智能型高分子化合物 ,智能型高分子的分离机理及其在化工分离领域中的应用研究     

热致感应型形状记忆高分子材料及其研究进展

讨论了热致感就型形状记忆高分子材料的记忆原理和对材料的基本要求厅求,介绍了目前已遥产品品种及制备方法,并进一步评述阳了近的研究进展。     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of amphiphilic poly(ethyl acrylate) with uniform polyoxyethylene grafts

Amphiphilic copolymers of ethyl acrylate (EA) with uniform polyoxyethylene (PEO) grafts were synthesized by copolymerization of EA with methacrylate terminated PEO macromer in benzene using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The effects of the molecular weight of the macromers, the charging weight ratio of the macromer to EA, the total monomer concentration, and the amount of initiator on the grafting efficiency (GE) were reported as was the molecular weight of the copolymers. The highest GE reached to above 90% and the molecular weight of the copolymers varied from (5–15) × 10⁴. The reactivity ratio of EA with the macromer was determined to be 0.83. The graft copolymers were purified with extractions and the purified products were characterized with IR, ¹H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane osmometry. The average grafting number of the copolymer varied from 2 to 11. The glass‐transition temperature of the poly(EA) in the copolymer was increased because of the partial compatibility of the two components. The crystalline property, emulsifying property, and dilute solution viscosity of the graft copolymers, as well as ionic conductivity of their complexes with alkali metal salts, were studied. The emulsifying volume decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the PEO grafts. The addition of NaOH to the emulsion affected the emulsifying volume only slightly, whereas the addition of HCl changed the oil in water type emulsion into a water in oil type. The conductivity of the LiClO₄ complex of the copolymer with an oxyethylene/Li ratio of 20 reached 3.7 × 10^?5 S/cm at 27°C. The lower the crystallinity of the complex, the higher was the conductivity. The dilute solution viscosity showed the existence of intramolecular microphase separation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 903–912, 2001     

界面酸碱配位作用对粘合性能影响的研究

通过测定参照液在固体表面的接触角并计算接触体系的粘附功及其酸碱作用成份,研究了带碱性基团的丙烯酰胺——天然橡胶接枝聚合物和带酸性基团的丙烯酸——天然橡胶接枝聚合物表面的酸碱配位作用及其对粘合性能的贡献.     

胶乳型互穿网络聚合物的研究

综述了胶乳型互穿网络聚合物的研究,着重介绍了合成工,乳胶粒形态结构的影响因素,同时亦对胶乳型互穿网络聚合物的性能作了介绍。