12Cr13马氏体不锈钢热处理工艺参数的ANN-GA模型

12Cr13马氏体不锈钢淬火和回火工艺参数对其力学性能影响较大,测定其热处理工艺对力学性能的影响周期长且成本高。在神经网络与遗传算法基础上建立12Cr13马氏体不锈钢热处理工艺参数与力学性能的预测模型。模型输入单元为淬火温度、淬火保温时间、冷却方式及回火温度,输出单元为抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率及断面收缩率。采用Traincgf算法的神经网络收敛速度快,误差小。隐含层节点单元为6,动量因子为0.6,学习速率为0.2时,网络测试的均方误差值均最小。经过网络测试的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率及断面收缩率的最大相对误差绝对值分别为3.24%,2.48%,9.45%和8.82%。12Cr13马氏体不锈钢的预测模型具有结构简单,拟合精度高的特点。可利用12Cr13马氏体不锈钢热处理工艺参数预测其力学性能,为工艺优化设计提供参考。     

利用根霉发酵发芽黑豆前后营养、活性和风味成分的变化

以河南、云南、黑龙江、内蒙古和福建5个不同产地的黑豆为研究对象,通过测定γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量、溶栓酶活性、大豆异黄酮含量等指标,并对电子鼻分析结果进行主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析（CA）,比较不同产地的发芽黑豆利用中国根霉12#发酵前后的营养、活性及挥发性风味成分变化。结果表明,云南产地的发芽黑豆发酵处理后γ-氨基丁酸、大豆异黄酮、氨基酸态氮含量均高于其他产地,分别高达（6.68±0.07） mg/g、（4.57±0.04） mg/g、（0.91±0.05） g/100 g;黑龙江产地发芽黑豆发酵处理后,其溶栓酶活性为（1 032.94±88.08） IU/g,显著高于其他产地的溶栓酶活性（P＜0.05）,其挥发性成分种类增加最多,2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛、3-羟基-2-丁酮等含量以及挥发性风味成分电子鼻分析响应值均为最高。根据营养成分分析,云南产地的黑豆质量较优,根据溶栓酶活性和风味分析,黑龙江产地的黑豆质量较好。     

超滤解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液提取抗菌物质的研究

对解淀粉芽孢杆菌(BacillusamyloliquefaciensQ-12)的发酵培养获得具有活性的抗菌物质,对其发酵液中抗菌物质的提取采用截留分子量为70000的双酚A型聚砜中空纤维膜超滤。结果表明在室温、膜两侧压差0.02～0.03MPa、料液体积流量为16L/h时超滤,抗菌活性物质均截留在浓缩液中,超滤浓缩的体积比为4.6%～5.6%。清洗后的膜通量可恢复至94%以上。     

Inhibitory effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears

Tea has been shown to possess several health beneficial properties primarily due to its polyphenolic content. The major polyphenolic compounds in black tea leaves are theaflavins (TFs) formed by oxidative coupling of catechins in tea leaves during its processing. In this paper, we report the characterization of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear inflammatory model and the inhibitory effects of major black tea TFs derivatives on this inflammation. In addition, the effect on inflammatory biomarkers, such as proinflammatory cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites, are reported as well. A single topical application of TPA to ears of CD-1 mice induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in edema as well as formation of proinflammatory cytokine proteins interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mouse ears. A single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase pathways. This observation was substantiated by decreased amounts of AA metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels. Combined application of TF and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug resulted a significant synergetic anti-inflammatory effect. Oral administration of TFs or the hot water extract of black tea leaves also significantly inhibited TPA-induced edema in mouse ears. In conclusion, proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and IL-6, as well as the intermediated metabolites of AA, PGE2, and LTB4 are good biomarkers for inflammation. Black tea constituents, TF and its derivatives, had strongly anti-inflammatory activity in vivo which may be due to their ability to inhibit AA metabolism via lipoxygenase and COX pathways.     

谢氏丙酸杆菌产V_(B12)原位分离发酵

VB12是谢氏丙酸杆菌的胞内次级代谢产物,其传统发酵方法是分批发酵。发酵液中丙酸的浓度达到10g/L时就会对菌体生长产生抑制作用。因此及时地将丙酸从发酵液中分离出去,将会提高菌体浓度,从而可以显著提高VB12产量。文中将无机陶瓷膜分离技术与谢氏丙酸杆菌发酵耦合,构建了一种新型原位分离发酵系统,通过活性炭吸附成功地将发酵体系中的丙酸分离出去,有效解除了丙酸对菌体生长的抑制作用,实现了VB12的高密度发酵,菌体干重由13.5 g/L提高到35.99 g/L,提高了1.67倍,VB12的产量由33.5 mg/L提高到63.1mg/L,提高了0.88倍。     

维生素B12的研究及其进展

本文对维生素B12 的生理特性、产生菌、生物合成途径 ,以及发酵生产和测定方法进行了详尽的阐述 ,并对目前维生素B12 发酵生产面临的问题及前景作了分析和预测     

Effect of growth conditions of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 on the immunostimulatory activity for production of interleukin-12 (p70) by murine splenocytes

Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809, a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, strongly stimulates interleukin (IL)-12 (p70) production by murine splenocytes; therefore, it is expected to ameliorate allergic diseases. Although many studies have investigated characteristics of the immunostimulatory activity of probiotics, little is known about how bacterial growth conditions affect the activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of the growth conditions of L. gasseri OLL2809 on the stimulation of IL-12 (p70) production. L. gasseri OLL2809 was grown under various culture conditions including different cultivation periods, media, and culture pH, and IL-12 (p70) production by murine splenocytes stimulated with these bacterial cells was determined. The results revealed that IL-12 (p70) production (i) increased with the growth of the bacterial cells and was higher in stationary-phase cells than in logarithmic-phase cells; (ii) it was higher in the cells grown in acidic pH; and (iii) it decreased when the cells were incubated in a buffer at neutral pH prior to heat treatment. These observations indicated that stimulation of IL-12 (p70) production is affected by culture medium pH. In addition, the observations of a difference in the stimulation of IL-12 (p70) production by L. gasseri OLL2809 grown under various conditions are consistent with the characteristics of autolysis. Therefore, it was deduced that the integrity of the bacterial cells is necessary for the stimulatory effect on IL-12 (p70) production and that acidic pH and heat treatment contributed to the stimulation by inhibiting the activity of autolysins indigenous to the bacteria. Our result suggests that cultivation until the stationary phase under acidic pH is required for the effective production of probiotics with immunostimulatory activity.     

费氏丙酸杆菌发酵生产V_B_(12)

VB12广泛应用于医药业和食品工业,费氏丙酸杆菌是其主要的工业生产菌种。费氏丙酸杆菌发酵过程中会产生大量丙酸和乙酸,有机酸的积累会抑制菌体生长,延长发酵周期。通过改进发酵工艺来解除有机酸抑制,提高发酵产量是费氏丙酸杆菌发酵工艺的主要研究内容。VB12是费氏丙酸杆菌胞内产物,提取工艺对生产总收率具有重要作用。耦合发酵工艺改造和膜分离技术目前是费氏丙酸杆菌发酵VB12的研究热点。     

Viability of probiotic micro-organisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12) in ice cream

The purpose of this research was to determine the survival of two probiotic micro-organisms in ice creams (4% fat). The micro-organisms were Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis Bb-12 . To meet this objective, an ice cream mixture was formulated and subjected to three treatments. Treatment 1 was inoculated with L. acidophilus , treatment 2 with B. lactis and the third treatment was inoculated with a mixture of both bacteria inoculated in 1 : 1 proportions. The inoculation was with 4% culture for each treatment. The final products were stored at −25°C for 60 days. The ice cream inoculated with L. acidophilus had a final concentration of 2 × 10 ⁶ cfu/g and the survival rate was 87%. The treatment inoculated with B. lactis had a final concentration of 9 × 10 ⁶ cfu/g, with a logarithmic decrease of 10%. When both micro-organisms were inoculated together, the survival rate was 86%.     

Antioxidant abietane diterpenoids from Salvia barrelieri

The root extract of endemic Algerian Salvia species Salvia barrelieri Ettling and its diterpenoids were investigated for potential antioxidant activity. From its acetone extract, a new natural abietane diterpenoid 7-oxoroyleanone-12-methyl ether (1) and six known diterpenoids 7α-acetoxyroyleanone-12-methyl ether (2), royleanone (3), horminone (4), 7-acetylhorminone (5), cryptojaponol (6) and inuroyleanol (7) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means. Among the diterpenoids, the new diterpenoid 7-oxoroyleanone-12-methyl ether (1) showed highest superoxide anion scavenging activity while inuroyleanol (7) showed both the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene–linoleic acid system. These findings indicate that S. barrelieri extract as well as isolated abietane diterpenes, particularly inuroyleanol are promising antioxidants which can be used as food additives.