金属/陶瓷发热体钎焊接头的残余应力分析

采用热弹塑性有限元方法,在考虑了材料性能参数随温度变化情况下,分析了采用Ag—Cu—Ti钎料钎焊A12O3陶瓷与Ni金属丝的钎焊接头,在钎焊和随后再次加热过程中产生的应力大小和分布情况,计算中着重考虑了钎料对接头残余应力的影响。分析结果表明,在钎料与陶瓷的界面处存在着较大的残余拉应力,影响了钎焊接头的连接强度,并可能在界面的陶瓷侧产生裂纹。通过试验对比,认为在此类连接结构中,钎料是造成接头形成较大残余应力的主要因素。同时。选择合适厚度的钎料会降低钎焊接头的残余应力,改善接头连接强度。     

矿物颜填料机械力化学改性研究

本文结合作者近几年来实验室的研究成果 ,系统研究了几种颜填料机械力化学改性的工艺和理论 ,包括机械力化学干式改性、湿式改性及接枝改性 ,表明机械力化学改性有很大的发展和应用前景     

铝/钢异种金属无钎剂激光填粉熔钎焊接

采用宽带激光光斑和填粉焊接技术,在不使用钎剂的情况下进行6061铝合金/镀锌钢板的熔钎焊接实验。分析测试了接头成形、焊缝组织和接头强度,并探讨了影响接头强度的因素。结果表明,采用此方法可实现6061铝合金/镀锌钢板的熔钎焊连接。选用优化的焊接工艺参数获得了成形饱满,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷的焊缝。焊缝熔宽和金属间化合物层厚度随焊接热输入量的增加而增大。熔钎焊缝中金属间化合物由Al-Fe和Al-Fe-Si系统化合物组成。拉伸试样均断裂在钎料/镀锌钢界面,接头最大机械抗力为152.5 N/mm,断口呈脆性断裂特征,钎料/镀锌钢界面为接头的薄弱环节。拉伸试样铝一侧断裂面由Al5Fe2Zn0.4和α-Al组成。焊缝熔宽、金属间化合物层厚度共同决定了接头的机械抗力水平。     

间隙对5754铝合金激光填丝搭接焊气孔的影响

气孔是5754铝合金激光搭接焊接过程中经常出现的缺陷,它对焊缝的机械性能有很大的影响。实验采用光纤激光器研究了在搭接铝合金板间设置间隙对气孔的影响及其机理,发现,间隙的设置为气孔的逃逸提供了一个通道,气孔率有明显减小的趋势。当间隙从0变化到0.2mm时,由于间隙较小而有毛细现象的发生,搭接间隙气孔的逃逸通道被液态焊缝金属的凝固过程封闭,气孔减小并不明显;当间隙从0.30mm变化到0.75mm时,由于间隙增大,间隙部位的焊缝液态金属发生的毛细现象减弱甚至消失,导致这部分金属距离熔合线很近,表面保持液态,气孔逃逸的通道被打开,气孔有明显减小的变化。实验还发现,随着间隙的增大,搭接焊缝的剪切强度有了很大的提高。     

Electrical Percolation Behavior in Silver Nanowire–Polystyrene Composites: Simulation and Experiment

The design and preparation of isotropic silver nanowire‐polystyrene composites is described, in which the nanowires have finite L/D (< 35) and narrow L/D distribution. These model composites allow the L/D dependence of the electrical percolation threshold, ?_c, to be isolated for finite‐L/D particles. Experimental ?_c values decrease with increasing L/D, as predicted qualitatively by analytical percolation models. However, quantitative agreement between experimental data and both soft‐core and core–shell analytical models is not achieved, because both models are strictly accurate only in the infinite‐L/D limit. To address this analytical limitation, a soft‐core simulation method to calculate ?_c and network conductivity for cylinders with finite L/D are developed. Our simulated ?_c results agree strongly with our experimental data, suggesting i) that the infinite‐aspect‐ratio assumption cannot safely be made for experimental networks of particles with L/D < 35 and ii) in predicting ?_c, the soft‐core model makes a less significant assumption than the infinite‐L/D models do. The demonstrated capability of the simulations to predict ?_c in the finite‐L/D regime will allow researchers to optimize the electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites of finite‐L/D particles.     

镀锌层对铝/钢异种金属激光填粉焊接的影响研究

采用Nd-YAG激光器对铝/镀锌钢进行了异种金属激光填粉熔-钎焊试验研究,通过SEM对焊接接头进行了测试,研究分析了镀锌层对铝/钢异种金属激光填粉焊接的影响。结果表明：Zn能够在Al中充分固溶使得Al原子的相对浓度降低,减缓Al原子向钢侧的扩散,在一定程度上抑制Fe-Al脆性相金属间化合物的生成速率。接头强度较好的试件,断裂行为均是钎接界面区与镀锌钢的结合面上首先出现裂纹,随后扩展到钎接边缘富锌区处发生断裂。     

导电胶粘剂的研究进展

随着微电子技术的发展以及环保意识的增强,作为Pb/Sn焊料替代物的导电胶粘剂,已成为当前研究的热点和重点。介绍了导电胶粘剂的导电机理及其组成、功能和分类。重点概述了近年来国内外导电胶粘剂的研究现状,并展望了未来导电胶粘剂的研究方向。     

Sub-Nanowires Boost Superior Capacitive Energy Storage Performance of Polymer Composites at High Temperatures

Polymer dielectrics with high breakdown strength (E_b) and high efficiency are urgently demanded in advanced electrical and electronic systems, yet their energy density (U_e) is limited due to low dielectric constant (ε_r) and high loss at elevated temperatures. Conventional inorganic fillers with diameters from nano to micrometers can only increase ε_r at the cost of compromised E_b and U_e due to their poor compatibility with polymer matrix. Herein, hydroxyapatite (HAP) sub-nanowires with a diameter of ≈0.9 nm are incorporated in polyetherimide (PEI) matrix to form HAP/PEI sub-nanocomposites. ε_r and E_b of the composites are concomitantly enhanced with only 0.5 wt.% of HAP sub-nanowires, leading to high U_e of 5.14 (@150 °C) and 3.1 J cm⁻³ (@200 °C) with efficiency of 90% and high-temperature stability up to 3 × 10⁵ charge-discharge cycles at 200 °C. Microstructural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the sub-nanowires with comparable diameter as polymer chains induce enormous interfacial area, substantially increase mobility of polymer chains and form dense traps for charge carriers. This work extends the current research scope of polymer-inorganics composite dielectrics to the sub-nano-level incorporation and provides a novel strategy for fabricating high performance polymer dielectrics at elevated temperatures.     

单组份聚氨酯炮孔填塞剂应用性试验

炮孔填塞是爆破施工过程中的一个关键环节,也是践行精细爆破设计理论的重要措施。传统的炮泥填塞存在着诸多不足,为此,研制了以聚氨酯为基材的TK炮孔填塞剂,通过大量基础性能研究和隧道现场工业性试验,论证了其作为炮孔填塞材料可降低炸药单耗,提高单循环进尺和炮孔利用率,减小空气冲击波、爆破噪声等有害效应的影响,且是安全可靠的。TK炮孔填塞剂优良的填塞效果、方便快捷的施工方法及显著的经济效益,方便于在爆破工程中推广应用。     

Influence of a metallic filler on polyurethane formation

The addition of metallic fillers is recognized to impart improvement of acoustic properties to polyurethane-based materials used for marine applications. The system under consideration was obtained by the reaction of a triisocyanateterminated prepolymer with 1,4-butanediol, in the presence of various concentrations of lead powder. With increasing lead content, gelation time is reduced and an Einstein-type law does not apply. The kinetics of the reaction were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Deviation from the classic second order is observed for the filled systems, and the higher the lead content, the more important the deviation is, showing undoubtedly the catalytic effect of the metallic powder.