Modulation of Electron Structure and Dehydrogenation Kinetics of Nickel Phosphide for Hydrazine-Assisted Self-Powered Hydrogen Production in Seawater

The electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from seawater provides a low-cost way to realize energy conversion, but is restricted by high potential for seawater electrolysis and the chlorine oxidation reaction (ClOR) at the anode. Here, the self-growth of Mo-doped Ni₂P nanosheet arrays with rich P vacancies on molybdenum-nickel foam (MNF) (Mo-Ni₂P_v@MNF) is reported as bifunctional catalyst for Cl-free hydrogen production by coupling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in seawater. Impressively, the Mo-Ni₂P_v@MNF electrode as bifunctional catalyst has an excellent activity for overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) with an ultralow voltage of only 571 mV at 1000 mA cm⁻² and can maintain stability for an ultra-long time of 1000 h at 100 mA cm⁻². Moreover, integration of OHzS into self-assembled hydrazine fuel cells (DHzFC) or solar cells can enable the self-powered H₂ production. The industrial hydrazine sewage as feed for the above eletrolysis system can be degraded to ≈5 ppb rapidly. Density functional thoery calculations demonstrate that the electronic structure modulation induced by P vacancies and Mo doping can not only achieve thermoneutral ΔG_H* for hydrogen evolution reaction but also enhance dehydrogenation kinetics from *N₂H₄ to *NHNH₂ for HzOR, achieving enhanced dehydrogenation kinetics.     

A Universal Descriptor in Determining H2 Evolution Activity for Dilute Aqueous Zn Batteries

Large-scale energy storage with aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs) have bright future, but their practical application is impeded by H₂ evolution reaction (HER), which results in poor stability of Zn–metal anodes. Here, using linear sweep voltammetry in dilute salt aqueous electrolytes, it is discovered that as the salt concentration decreases, HER is gradually suppressed, which is contrary to prior beliefs. Combining calculations and experiments, it is demonstrated that HER derives predominantly from the sum of Zn²⁺-solvated water rather than the average amount of water in the Zn²⁺-solvation structural unit or free water without interaction with Zn²⁺, which answers the puzzle from above. This result, which differs fundamentally from the previous understandings, sheds new light on the mysterious role of water chemistry in controlling HER and contributes to a more rational design of advanced electrolytes for AZBs.     

Lithiation-Induced Defect Engineering to Promote Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Exploring efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent need to advance the development of sustainable energy conversion. Though defect engineering is considered an effective strategy to regulate catalyst activity for enhanced OER performance, the controllable synthesis of defective oxides electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here, oxygen defects are introduced into NiCo₂O₄ nanorods by an electrochemical lithiation strategy. By tuning in situ lithiation potentials, the concentration of oxygen defects and the corresponding catalytic activity can be feasibly regulated. In addition, the relationship between the changes in the defect density and electronic structure and the lithiation cut-off voltages is revealed. The results show that NiCo₂O₄ nanorods undertook intercalation and two-step conversion reaction, in which the lithiation-induced conversion reaction gives rise to a CoO@NiO-based structure with higher defect density and lower oxidation states. As a result, the defective CoO@NiO-based catalyst exhibits exceptional OER activity with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², which is about 74 mV below the pristine nanomaterials. This research proposes a novel strategy to explore high-performance catalysts with structural stability and defect control.     

基于内聚力模型的阴极板剥锌过程仿真分析

以自动剥锌机构为研究对象,建立内聚力模型,描述剥锌过程中的裂纹损伤与演化.通过有限元分析,得到了锌片剥片过程锌片的力学特性,以及剥刀运行时间、剥刀运行距离与剥刀载荷之间的关系,为锌片铲切式剥离过程的优化提供了理论支撑.研究可为铲切式剥锌设备的设计提供理论参考和技术支持,具有重要的工程实际意义.     

全业务经营下的接入光缆演进方案研究

随着全业务运营的竞争,移动运营商已开始向全业务经营转型,在满足全业务发展的过程中,接入层光缆网络资源是否充足以及结构是否合理已成为重要因素。文章在全面分析了全业务经营各类型业务的接入光缆需求后,探讨研究了全业务经营下本地接入光缆网的演进方案及业务承载方式。     

IMT—2000系统网络概述

简要介绍了国际电联 (ITU)建议的 IMT- 2 0 0 0网络技术方面的特点 ,以及 ITU的相关建议制订情况 ,阐述了IMT- 2 0 0 0家族的概念、网络的兼容和过渡及网络实现的原则和方案。     

一种混合多边缘型LDPC码密度进化算法

在二进制输入加性高斯白噪声信道下,研究了基于多边缘型低密度奇偶校验码（Multi-edge Low Density Parity Check,MET-LDPC）的密度进化算法。针对高斯近似算法在前期迭代中的不准确问题,提出了一种改进算法。在分析MET-LDPC码的密度进化的基础上,将全密度进化与高斯近似算法结合,通过设置切换限制条件,弥补早期迭代的不准确,提高编码阈值估计的准确性。仿真结果表明,与MET-LDPC全密度进化算法相比,所提算法可以有效提高编码阈值估计的准确性,对LDPC编码的设计有一定的参考价值。     

长江和畅洲段的河床演变和水体的环境容量

长江和畅洲段河床演变造成南汊分流比逐年下降，本文对不同分流比情况下的污染带分布和断面平均深度进行了计算，其结果表明：随着分流比的下降，南汊水体的环境容量减少，水质污染加剧，从水体环境保护方面定量论证该江段河道整治工程的重要性。     

小浪底水库运用对下游游荡性河道的影响

本文回顾了黄河下游游荡性河段河道整治的历史情况，重点研究了小浪底水库运用５０年内不沙条件下下游游荡性的断面开矿和河相关系（包括河道水面宽、平均水深、平均流速、河相断面系数等方面的变化），对比了花园口和高村两粘面在水库动用前、拦潲动用玫蓄清排浑运用各阶段河相关系各变量的变化。分析结果表明，小浪底水库建成运用后，黄河下游游荡性游荡性基本未变。为了确保防洪安全，对该河段仍需积极进行整治，修筑控导工程，缩