复合材料船用螺旋桨设计与CFD/FEM计算

将基于RANS方程的计算流体力学方法与有限元方法相结合,沿着螺旋桨水动力性能计算、复合材料螺旋桨建模及结构铺层设计、CFD/FEM载荷传递、复合材料螺旋桨结构力学性能计算,水动力性能收敛判定的设计分析流程,完成了某种螺旋桨桨叶的初步的设计过程.提出一种预变形策略以改进复合材料螺旋桨的综合性能.计算结果表明,该复合材料螺旋桨能够满足预定设计指标的要求,在达到传统金属螺旋桨水动力性能要求的同时,减重30%,运行效率增加.研究结果充分说明了所采用设计方法的可行性.     

汽轮发电机冷却风扇的数值模拟及优化

为了深入研究汽轮发电机冷却风扇内的流动规律,并对其设计提出合理优化方案,对某汽轮发电机轴流式通风冷却风扇的原始模型在流量为25m3/s的工况下进行了CFD流场数值模拟,通过改变叶片安放角和叶片扭转角,得到冷却风扇计算效率和叶片安放角及叶片扭转角之间的关系.计算结果表明:在一定范围内,风扇效率和叶片安放角及叶片扭转角之间都呈近抛物线变化关系,在特定叶片安放角和叶片扭转角附近风扇效率最高.经叶片修型后的轴流风扇效率较原模型提高了15.8%.     

深圳大运会主体育场罩棚风压分布的数值模拟

为了求得体育场罩棚的风载体型系数,基于Reynolds时均N-S方程和RSM模型对深圳大运动会主体育场罩棚风压分布特性进行了数值模拟.采用有限体积法对控制微分方程进行离散,并采用SIMPLE压力校正算法来实现非线性方程的迭代求解.将数值计算结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好,在此基础上,分析了风向角和风攻角对风压分布的影响,探讨了罩棚周围流场的绕流特性,并根据罩棚的结构形式及风压分布特点,给出了最不利风向下罩棚表面的区域平均风压系数以及罩棚设计风荷载的计算方法.结果表明:风向角对风荷载的影响较大,不同风向角下,来流的分离和漩涡脱落作用均有较大的不同.风攻角对罩棚表面风压分布的影响不大,对罩棚局部峰值的影响在15%以内,整体影响在5%以内.     

Modélisation Mathématique de la Décantation de la Boue Rouge

A good performance of the solid‐liquid unit operation is required for the economical exploitation of the Bayer process. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model simulating the operation of the last washing stage mud thickener of a large Canadian alumina plant is presented. The parametric study of the impact of changes in four parameters shows that the diameter of flocculated red mud particles, the feed flow rate and the radius of the feed well are critical parameters for the operation of the thickener.     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of spouted bed: Influence of frictional stress, maximum packing limit and coefficient of restitution of particles

Following the previous article [Du, W., Bao, X., Xu, J., Wei, W., 2006. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of spouted bed: assessment of drag coefficient correlations. Chemical Engineering Science 61 (5), 1401-1420], this contribution describes the influences of the frictional stress, maximum packing limit and coefficient of restitution of particles on CFD simulation of spouted beds. Using the two-fluid method embedded in the commercial CFD simulation package Fluent 6.1, the spouting hydrodynamics of a cylindrical-conical spouted bed was simulated and verified with the experimental data of He et al. [He, Y.L., Lim, C.J., Grace, J.R., Zhu, J.X., Qin, S.Z., 1994a. Measurements of voidage profiles in spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 72 (4), 229-234; He, Y.L., Qin, S.Z., Lim, C.J., Grace, J.R., 1994b. Particle velocity profiles and solid flow patterns in spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 72(8), 561-568]. The results showed that, for coarse particles, the frictional stress is important only for the annulus computation and has no obvious effects on the hydrodynamics of the solids flow in the spout region. The specification of the maximum packing limit could significantly affect the properties of the pseudo-fluid phase of the particles by changing the radial distribution function. The strong dependence of the pseudo-fluid properties of the particle phase, such as pressure, bulk viscosity and shear viscosity, on the granular temperature accounts for the influence of the coefficient of restitution of particles on CFD modeling. The solids volume fraction at loose packing state is suitable for spouted bed simulations, and a pretest of the coefficient of restitution of particles must be conducted when no experimental datum is available.     

Liquid flow and phase holdup—measurement and CFD modeling for two-and three-phase bubble columns

Bubble columns are an important class of contacting devices in chemical industry and biotechnology. Their simple setup makes them ideal reactors for two- and three-phase operations such as fermentations or heterogeneous catalysis. Still, design and operation of these reactors is subject to widely empirical scale-up strategies. With recent advances in the development of measurement techniques, a more detailed approach to the development of optimized reactors for specific operations should become possible. This report is based on detailed measurements of local dispersed phase holdups in a pilot plant-sized bubble column operated at high superficial gas velocities and solid holdups. It deals with the influence of superficial gas velocity, solid loading and sparger geometry on measured and computed liquid flow velocities and holdup distributions. Liquid velocity measurements have been performed using the electrodiffusion method, modeling calculations have been carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CFX-4.3. Measurement results presented here give an insight into the development of liquid circulation and fluctuating velocity distribution depending on superficial gas velocity, solid loading and sparger geometry. CFD results implementing a multi-fluid model with k-ε turbulence and special momentum exchange terms for direct gas-solid interactions show that, even on standard PC workstations, this kind of computations can deliver qualitatively reasonable agreement with measurements.     

Modelling of a RDC using a combined CFD-population balance approach

In the present study we propose an extension of the Euler/Lagrangian approach for liquid-liquid two phase flows when the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is not small. The continuous phase velocity is obtained by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations augmented with the k-ε turbulence model. The motion of the dispersed phase is calculated by solving the equations of motion taking into account inertia, drag and buoyancy forces. The coupling between the phases is described by momentum source terms and the terms that account for turbulence generation by the droplets’ motion. Collision and breakage of the droplets are treated by a single particle Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation method. This method is based on a mass flow formulation and operator splitting technique. For validation of the numerical procedure the droplet size distribution and flow fields in a rotating disc contactor are calculated and compared with the existing experimental results.     

计量用低速风洞结构参数仿真研究

为准确分析风洞结构参数对所产生的风场稳定性的影响规律,以现有低速风洞为蓝本,通过改变其试验段结构参数建立多个不同参数试验模型;采用ansys CFD对建立的多个新模型进行结构流体仿真,对仿真结果进行数据拟合,找出风洞收缩段曲线结构参数变化对试验段轴向风速梯度和法向风速均匀性的影响;仿真实验结果表明,试验段法向中心面的有效试验区的均匀性系数随着收缩段长度增加而减小,到一定程度趋于稳定,风洞模型在L＞ 23 cm后风场均匀性系数基本处于稳定,试验段前半段的风速轴向梯度明显大于后半段的风速轴向梯度,有效试验区域多集中在后半段,风洞模型中轴向有效试验区域x＞(10～15) cm,可以为风洞的设计提供可靠参考.     

峡谷和垭口地形风场特征的CFD数值模拟

为获得峡谷和垭口地形的风场特征和典型位置的风加速效应,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法进行模拟计算,将计算得到的单山结果与风洞试验及规范进行对比以验证CFD计算的有效性,对峡谷和垭口地形进行数值模拟计算,分析峡谷和垭口在不同山脚间距时的加速效应,针对内侧山脚和山顶处的加速比给出设计建议.研究表明:山顶处加速比最大;山体横风切面的加速效应比顺风切面显著;CFD模拟与风洞试验结果吻合较好;山顶处,垭口地形风加速效应比峡谷和单山都大;内侧山脚加速比随着两山靠近而增大;内侧山脚处,峡谷地形的加速比小于规范下限,垭口地形在山间距小于一半山体底部直径、离山表面高度低于0.4倍山体高度时的加速比大于规范上限;山顶处的加速比在各种工况下均比较接近;不建议将山顶和垭口位置作为构筑物的选址地点.     

斜板沉淀池前配水渠的数值模拟及结构优化

针对配水渠出水优化措施单一、优化效果欠佳的问题,运用CFD软件,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对其流速场进行数值模拟,探究了进口宽度（b）和配水渠宽度（B）变化时出水均匀度最优的配水渠长度（L）,并优化了挡墙在双段配水渠中的最佳位置。结果表明：配水渠进口集中主流在池内流域空间的扩散程度是出水均匀度的主要影响因素;当b在1 200~1 600 mm范围时,L取1 750~2 250 mm时的出水均匀度最优,若b大于1 600 mm,最优的L值须适当增加,但不应大于3 000 mm;当B为3 900 mm时,L最佳取值为1 750~2 250 mm,当B为5 300或6 700 mm时,最佳的L值应增加500 mm左右;采用双段配水渠时,挡墙位置应设在进口侧,而不应在配水渠的中间位置。该研究可为配水渠的设计提供一定的理论指导。