Challenges towards hydrogen economy in China

The increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels have been prompting China to aggressively seek a clean and self-sufficient energy source in the future. In the past decades, hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative due to its advantages of cleanliness, abundance, high energy density, and high conversion efficiency. However, several challenges have to be overcome for China's successful transition to hydrogen economy. In this paper, the hydrogen supply chain is firstly described to help the readers to clearly understand the hydrogen economy. Subsequently, the feasibility of hydrogen economy is discussed by reviewing viewpoints from the literature. Finally, the challenges of China's transition to hydrogen economy are detailed summarized and discussed, and the strategies for China to develop hydrogen economy were compared with that of Japan and Australia.     

化妆品微生物挑战试验

本文参照美国化妆品、盥洗用品和香精协会（CTFA）推荐的防腐体系效能评价方法，研究了不同产品在相同防腐条件下，微生物挑战试验结果的差异性。     

南非矿产工业的现状、挑战和前景

南非是世界性矿业大国,对世界矿产品市场有重要影响。本文首先分析了南非矿业的发展现状,然后讨论了所面临的问题和挑战,包括恶化的生态环境、不断升高的矿山生产成本和老化的矿山、不乐观的矿山劳动安全、不断减少的矿业投资等。在此基础上,笔者简要讨论了南非矿产工业的发展前景问题,认为尽管有挑战,但与其它国家相比,南非矿业仍存在一系列比较优势和较大发展潜力。笔者进一步认为,只要化挑战为动力、落实好各项行动计划和创新政策,南非矿业仍会有一个辉煌的未来。     

浅谈化纤设备的营销策略

浅析我国目前机械制造业的现状,根据当前化纤设备的销售情况与发展趋势,阐述化纤设备的营销策略。     

关于风景园林学会建设的几点思考

改革开放和自主创新是当代中国社会的主旋律之一,也是中国现代化建设可持续进行的重要保证之一。在积累了近30年宝贵经验,参与和见证了中国风景园林事业在现代,特别是在当代的飞速发展历程后,中国风景园林学会正面临着如何顺应国内外形势,特别是如何应对中国城市日新月异的建设进程,加强自身建设,团结和带领中国风景园林行业主动出击、迎接挑战的重大课题。就学会自身体制的改革、工作领域的拓宽等方面提出一点见解,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

机遇与挑战背景下的思考

通过对上海近年城市绿化建设的回顾,从"公众参与"、"专业评论"、"本土特色"、"人才培养"等多角度进行探讨,提出上海的绿化建设正面临着新一轮的机遇与挑战.     

Selecting and assessing challenge problems

Abstract

Organisations conducting research programs often focus the work of their scientists and technologists on challenge problems (CPs). These challenges are designed to ensure that progress is measurable and relevant to the goals of the program sponsor. Generating and selecting pertinent CPs is difficult, as is assessing their value. We describe a method of generating and selecting CPs and its application in a highly collaborative, multi-organisation research program. Thirty-eight biologists, chemists, mathematicians and computer scientists across academic, commercial and government organisations generated and ranked their top choices from among 12 richly described candidate challenge problems. A ranked-choice voting formula was applied. Five CPs were highly scored; the remaining seven were distributed across a lower range of scores. The program sponsor subsequently directed researchers to address six CPs, including the elected five. Analysis of the rationales that participants offered for their CP rankings revealed four domain-independent dimensions of value: capability, speed, impact and synergy. These dimensions of value can help managers of interdisciplinary research programs systematically select a portfolio of CPs that will efficiently apply utilise resources towards program goals and facilitate measurement of scientific progress.     

入世后中国钼工业的机遇、挑战与对策

本文阐述了中国钼工业现状，中国钼工业在世界同行业中的地位、中国钼业入世承诺、中国加入WTO后钼行业面临的机遇与挑战、中国钼行业拟采取的原则性应对措施以及中国钼工业的发展前景。     

我国精密铸造行业发展面临的机遇和挑战

熔模铸造工艺具有独特的工艺优势,在我国得到了快速发展。该工艺同时具有较高的技术难度,我国的熔模铸造在发展中仍面临着大而不强的问题,在综合技术水平、专业化配套、现场管理等方面需要进一步提高。当前行业发展中面对着种种挑战,如国际市场竞争的挑战、国内高端装备制造对高质量精密铸件需求的挑战,以及行业本身在节能减排、环境保护、劳动力使用方面必须做出的改变。     

2011年美国总统绿色化学挑战奖项目评述

介绍了2011年美国总统绿色化学挑战奖的获奖项目。5个奖项分别是:①Genomatica公司获得了绿色合成路线奖,他们开发了从可再生原料,以较低成本生产基本化学品1,4-丁二醇的路线;②绿色反应条件奖授予了Kraton Performance Poly-mers,Inc.。他们合成了一系列无卤素的、高渗透性的聚合物膜,NEXARTM。③Sherwin-Williams公司,研究出了一种水基醇酸丙烯酸涂料制备技术,这类涂料结合了醇酸类涂料的良好涂装性能和丙烯酸类涂料的低挥发性特点,因而获得了绿色化学品设计奖;④BioAmber公司因从事生物基琥珀酸(丁二酸)的生产和应用而获得小企业奖;⑤加利福尼亚大学,圣塔巴巴拉分校的Lipshutz教授设计了一种安全的表面活性剂,能在水中形成微小的液滴。有机化合物溶解到这些液滴中进行高效的反应。他的成果终结了化工反应中对有机溶剂的依赖,因此,学术奖授予了Lipshutz教授。