移动智能终端发展建议

研究移动智能终端技术、产业发展状况,分析我国移动智能终端产业发展中面临的操作系统、终端硬件、人机交互技术、知识产权以及终端安全等方面的问题,并在此基础上提出我国移动智能终端发展策略建议。     

室内空气品质研究的趋势和面对的挑战

人类90％的时间在非工业建筑环境中度过，而室内空气品质（IAQ）学就是研究在非工业建筑环境下，空气中影响人体健康的污染物来源、污染程度大小、产生的后果及其控制和管理方法等。本文主要讨论目前的研究发展趋势，介绍最新的研究成果。首先，提出并分析了本领域研究的七大发展趋势，取得的成就及存在的问题；然后，指出了五个研究发展中应注意的问题，藉此对未来短期内的发展方向提出建议；最后，讨论了三个长期发展的目标。提出IAQ领域的战略性发展方向。     

Bubbling Up the Good Ideas: A Two‐Mode Network Analysis of an Intra‐Organizational Idea Challenge

Organizations have been experimenting with intraorganizational crowdsourcing (IOC), yet the mechanisms of IOC production remain an underresearched topic. Drawing on a 2‐mode ERGM, we examine structural mechanisms and individual‐level factors that shape the network structure of idea generation and selection yielded by an IOC idea challenge in a global IT corporation. Results show a Matthew effect leading to 1) highly centralized employee participation around a few “superactive” employees who engage with many ideas and 2) highly centralized idea popularity with a few ideas attracting most employee attention. We find support for shared affiliations among employee‐idea clusters in the first half of the participation, which is, however, less likely in the second half. We also find support for geographic homophily.     

基于多任务联合训练的法律文本机器阅读理解模型

随着裁判文书等司法大数据不断积累,如何将人工智能与法律相结合成为了法律智能研究的热点.该文针对2020中国法研杯司法人工智能挑战赛(CAIL2020)的机器阅读理解任务,提出了一种基于多任务联合训练的机器阅读理解模型.该模型将阅读理解任务划分为四个子模块:文本编码模块、答案抽取模块、答案分类模块和支持句子判别模块.此外...     

A case study of extrapolation in NIR modelling — A chemometric challenge at ‘Chimiométrie 2009’

Since 2004, a challenge is proposed at the “Chimiométrie” conference organized by the GFC (“Groupe Français de Chimiométrie”). The annual congress was held in Paris 30 November and 1 December 2009. The data are still available on the GFC website (www.chimiometrie.org/). The data for this session were extracted from the CRA-W (Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, www.cra.wallonie.be/) spectral data base. The calibration set and the validation set (the reference values for the latter were not available to the participants) were set up to have an obvious case of extrapolation. The data sets were from whole rapeseed samples and the parameter to be calibrated was the total glucosinolate content. Seven participants reported results and, according to the highest R² of prediction, three were asked to present their approach during the conference. These approaches and the ones of the challenge organizers are presented in this paper.     

How to build a robust model against perturbation factors with only a few reference values: A chemometric challenge at ‘Chimiométrie 2007’

Following up on the success of previous chemometric challenges arranged during the annual congress organised by the French Chemometrics Society, the organisation committee decided to repeat the idea for the Chimiometrie 2007 event (http://www.chimiometrie.org/) held in Lyon, France (29-30 November) by featuring another dataset on its website. As for the first contest in 2004, this dataset was selected to test the ability of participants to apply regression methods to NIR data. The aim of Challenge 2007 was to perform a calibration model as robust and precise as possible using a data set with only a few reference values available and submitted to different perturbation factors. The committee received nine answers; this paper summarizes the best three approaches, as well as the approach proposed by the organisers.     

Modeling microbial competition in food: application to the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid flora in pork meat products

Competition between background microflora and microbial pathogens raises questions about the application of predictive microbiology in situ, i.e., in non-sterile naturally contaminated foods. In this article, we present a review of the models developed in predictive microbiology to describe interactions between microflora in foods, with a special focus on two approaches: one based on the Jameson effect (simultaneous deceleration of all microbial populations) and one based on the Lotka-Volterra competition model. As an illustration of the potential of these models, we propose various modeling examples in estimation and in prediction of microbial growth curves, all related to the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes with lactic acid bacteria in three pork meat products (fresh pork meat and two types of diced bacon).     

Risk evaluation and management to reaching a suggested FSO in a steam meal

Steam meals are ready-to-eat meals composed of raw and semi-cooked ingredients, which get cooked while microwave heating. In this study, an Indian style meal was selected, Chicken Tandoori, from two different producers. These meals were first evaluated with the Risk Ranger^® to identify the main foodborne pathogens risks, which were Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium and Bacillus cereus. Thereafter, quantitative microbiology was applied using different models and verified with growth and inactivation challenge tests. It was observed that the gamma model and the ComBase program^® showed very similar results. However, in some cases the results obtained with the challenge tests showed different results. The information gathered was used to create different scenarios which indicate how to manage the risks by setting Performance Objectives during the different stages of the food chain of this product and hence reaching a suggested Food Safety Objective.     

基于高性能计算的开源云平台性能评估

云计算是一种提供各种IT服务的互联网资源利用的新模式,已经广泛地应用在包括高性能计算的各种领域。然而,虚拟化带来了一些性能开销;同时,不同的云平台实施虚拟化技术的不同,使得在这些云平台上应用高性能计算服务的性能也千差万别。通过HPC Challenge (HPCC) Benchmark和NAS Parallel Benchmark(NPB)分别对CPU、内存、网络、扩展性和高性能计算真实负载进行评估,比较并分析了诸如Nimbus、OpenNebula和OpenStack实施高性能计算的性能,实验显示OpenStack对计算密集型的高性能应用负载表现出较好的性能,因此,OpenStack是实施高性能计算的开源云平台的一个好的选择。     

Challenge-driven design for public housing: The case of Hong Kong

Public housing (PH) has existed in Hong Kong for six decades. Previous and current challenges that have been encountered over time function as a collective driver for design progression. However, such challenges have remained under research to be able to draw useful lessons from them. To understand how this established motif can suit the sustainability-consciousera, this study uses Hong Kong as a representative case for sub-tropical compact cities by critiquing its PH design against multiple constraints. The objective of this study is to trace the historical relationships between challenges and design progress as well as to assess current and future implications of sustainability trends on PH design. By synthesizing data from literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence, this research develops an evolution map for PH design in Hong Kong that is driven by seven major challenges. Based on this map, a conceptual framework for intersecting considerations that envisages five main future prospects toward future PH design is also established.