克劳斯硫回收系统通用流程模拟软件CLAUS

介绍了克劳斯硫回收系统通用流程模拟软件－ＣＬＡＵＳ，通过对实际流程进行操作型与设计型的模拟计算，证明该软件符合生产实际，可以用于工程设计和实际工况的模拟分析与优化。     

克劳斯工艺在煤化工的应用

为验证国产化超优克劳斯技术的可行性,对工艺路线、运行效率、转化率、能耗和产品质量等指标在煤化工的应用情况进行分析。结果表明,该技术路线成熟可靠,催化剂性能优越,能满足煤化工的生产需要。     

特大型克劳斯反应炉运行问题分析及改造

中原油田普光分公司天然气净化厂12列0.20 Mt/a硫磺回收装置开工运行后,其克劳斯反应炉陆续出现壳体超温、上翘变形、燃烧器部件损坏、衬里损坏、壳体内壁腐蚀等问题,分析发现是由于反应炉长径比过大、炉衬薄壁设计结构强度低、抗热震性不足、缺乏大型反应炉操作经验、现场施工难度大等各种因素综合造成的。经技术改造后,炉体外壁温度保持在150~220℃,解决了运行存在的问题,实现了装置安全生产。改造结果表明:1反应炉设计长径比不宜过大,适宜长径比为2~3;2燃烧器宜采用高强旋流预混式,但应注意低负荷和开停工低温段操作,关键部位的选材应适当升级;3炉体内衬设计结构的强度要高,内衬材料抗热震稳定性强;4设置花墙结构可以减少不稳定燃烧对炉体内衬和余热锅炉管板的冲击,同时可以提高炉内反应温度。     

常规克劳斯非常规分流法硫磺回收工艺在天然气净化厂的应用

针对元坝天然气净化厂脱硫再生酸气中H_2S体积分数较低(41%~48%)的特点,元坝天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置采用常规克劳斯非常规分流法硫磺回收工艺,该工艺具有流程简单、操作弹性大及自控调节先进等特点。通过在元坝天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置1年时间的工业应用,结果表明,当酸气中H_2S体积分数为41%~48%时,常规克劳斯非常规分流法硫磺回收工艺燃烧炉炉温均在1 050℃以上,炉内硫转化率为65%~68%,产品硫磺达到国家优等品质量指标。该工艺技术在元坝净化厂硫磺回收装置的成功应用,可为天然气净化厂同类装置提供参考。     

An investigation of reaction furnace temperatures and sulfur recovery

In a modern day sulfur recovery unit (SRU), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is converted to elemental sulfur using a modified Claus unit. A process simulator called TSWEET has been used to consider the Claus process. The effect of the H₂S concentration, the H₂S/CO₂ ratio, the input air flow rate, the acid gas flow of the acid gas (AG) splitter and the temperature of the acid gas feed at three different oxygen concentrations (in the air input) on the main burner temperature have been studied. Also the effects of the tail gas ratio and the catalytic bed type on the sulfur recovery were studied. The bed temperatures were optimized in order to enhance the sulfur recovery for a given acid gas feed and air input. Initially when the fraction of AG splitter flow to the main burner was increased, the temperature of the main burner increased to a maximum but then decreased sharply when the flow fraction was further increased; this was true for all three concentrations of oxygen. However, if three other parameters (the concentration of H₂S, the ratio H₂S/CO₂ and the flow rate of air) were increased, the temperature of the main burner increased monotonically. This increase had different slopes depending on the oxygen concentration in the input air. But, by increasing the temperature of the acid gas feed, the temperature of the main burner decreased. In general, the concentration of oxygen in the input air into the Claus unit had little effect on the temperature of the main burner (This is true for all parameters). The optimal catalytic bed temperature, tail gas ratio and type of catalytic bed were also determined and these conditions are a minimum temperature of 300°C, a ratio of 2.0 and a hydrolysing Claus bed.     

Modifying effects of hydrogen sulfide on the rheometric properties of liquid elemental sulfur

Handling molten sulfur is inherently difficult due to liquid sulfur's extreme rheological behavior. Upon melting at 115°C, sulfur's viscosity remains low until reaching 160°C, the λ-transition region, where the viscosity increases to a maximum of 93,000 × 10⁻³ Pa s at 187°C. Within this study, our previous viscosity measurements for pure liquid elemental sulfur have been discussed along with new measurements on sulfur containing physically and chemically dissolved hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). H₂S is always incorporated into industrial sulfur which has been recovered through the modified Claus process in gas plants and oil refineries. Using the experimental data from this study, a semi-empirical correlation model was reported based on the reptation model of Cates to estimate the impact of H₂S on liquid sulfur's viscosity as a function of temperature. The equation can be applied to commercial sources of sulfur with 0–500 ppm of total dissolved H₂S.     

二氧化钛对克劳斯反应气体吸附性能研究

目的 为了研究二氧化钛硫磺回收催化剂对克劳斯反应过程的催化机理,开展了催化剂对H₂S、SO₂和有机硫等主要反应物的吸附性能研究。方法 针对克劳斯化学反应所涉及反应物与产物在典型的二氧化钛催化剂上的吸附与脱附情况,采用微型反应器-质谱分析表征技术,研究了H₂S、SO₂产物在单独与共存条件下的吸附性能和水蒸气与硫蒸气产物的吸附性能。结果 在典型的一级克劳斯反应器操作条件下,H₂S与SO₂均能强吸附于二氧化钛催化剂上,其中,对SO₂的吸附性强于H₂S,前者的饱和吸附量是后者的3.3倍。在反应物与产物共存的状态下,催化剂对H₂S与SO₂的吸附性均会下降,硫蒸气的吸附性强于水蒸气,但扣除硫蒸气毛细凝聚产生的吸附量后,水蒸气对克劳斯反应的阻碍效应强于硫蒸气。结论 依托研究成果所开发的二氧化钛催化剂在3套硫磺回收装置上进行了工业应用。结果表明,催化剂有机硫水解效果显著,COS和CS<...     

消除冶炼烟气还原过程的硫排放

介绍一种从含SO₂冶炼烟气中100%回收硫磺的新技术——GGO工艺。冶炼烟气通过吸收-再生法产生φ（SO₂）100%的气体,然后通过利用氢气作为还原剂的热反应器和克劳斯催化反应器生成硫磺。含有H₂S、SO₂、H₂和H₂O的尾气送入尾气反应塔,H₂S与SO₂在水溶液中继续反应;对悬浮液过滤回收硫磺。反应塔排出的主要含有H₂、未反应H₂S和SO₂的气体返回热反应器。本装置无气体排放。     

50万t/a壳牌粉煤气化制甲醇项目之硫回收装置开车运行总结

介绍了河南龙宇煤化工有限公司50万t/a Shell粉煤气化制甲醇项目之硫回收装置的试车和开车情况;指出了装置存在的问题;从工艺、设备及催化剂使用等方面分析了装置硫磺收率偏低的原因,提出了相应的整改措施。     

硫磺回收过程工艺研究进展

介绍了克劳斯硫回收工艺的基本原理、工艺方法及硫回收中影响操作的主要因素,介绍了国内外硫回收的进展和方向,提出改善我国硫回收状况的建议。