Ozonated Mineral Oil: Preparation,Characterization and Evaluation of the Microbicidal Activity

The ozonation of vegetable oils has been studied, since the produced ointments have antibacterial and fungicidal activities. However, the ozonation of mineral oils has not been reported in the literature yet, opening an interesting field for examination. In this work, we have shown the ozonation of a commercial mineral oil (Nujol). The main goal was to produce oils containing free ozone, so that this gas could act as antimicrobial agent. It was found that in Nujol, ozone remains for at least 40 days and in the sample ozonized for 15 h its concentration was 7.5 mg mL^?1. Neat Nujol showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, however, when ozonated it showed antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.     

Analysis of crude palm oil composition in a chemical process conveyor using Electrical Capacitance Tomography

In this work, we aim to analyse the capability of using a 16-segmented Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) sensor system to monitor the internal composition of a chemical process conveyor that carries crude palm oil (CPO) multiphase flow. The source used to excite the electrodes is a differential potential, instead of the conventional single potential source, in order to obtain an improved sensitivity of the sensor, especially in the central area of the pipe. This system aims to recognise the phase concentration of the flow. The attained concentration profile that is received from the capacitance measurements is capable of providing an image of the liquid and liquid mixture in the pipeline, making the separation process (between oil and liquid waste) much easier and the CPO's quality can be dependably monitored. Experimental results and analysis are presented, and the new excitation technique is shown to provide better sensor sensitivity in the central pipe area. The visualisation results deliver information regarding the flow regime and concentration distribution in a two-phase flow-rate measurement system incorporating a liquid flow-measuring device. The information obtained will assist the design of process equipment, and the verification of existing computational modelling and simulation techniques.     

深层水平井双聚胺基钻井液技术研究与应用

针对大庆油田深层致密气埋藏深,储层砾岩、火山岩裂缝发育,水敏性强,钻井过程中易发生漏失、垮塌、缩径及高温钻井液性能变差等复杂,且深层水平井钻进会带来摩阻、携岩和储层污染及使用油基钻井液存在成本高、后期环保压力大等难题,在分析总结前人研究成果及经验基础上,从致密气藏地质特征及深层水平井钻井难点出发,明确了钻井液技术对策,通过开展聚胺和聚醚多元醇"双聚"抑制、封堵防塌剂的研究,配合自主研制的新型高效随钻封堵材料,研发出一套适合于深层致密气藏水平井施工的双聚胺基钻井液技术。室内研究及现场应用表明,该钻井液具有较强的封堵防塌、井眼清洁和润滑防卡能力,抗温达180℃以上,有效地解决了深层水平井漏失、垮塌、携屑、润滑问题和储层保护问题,保证了深层水平井的顺利施工,创造了大庆油田深层水平井钻井周期最短(109d),井深最深(5048 m),水平段最长(969.22 m),井底温度最高(180℃)等几项新纪录,完全满足了徐家围子地区深层致密气藏的钻探需求,为深层水平井安全、快速、高效钻井提供了技术保障。     

大庆油田节能减排措施研究

石油作为我国一种极为重要的战略性资源,需要对其进行高效的利用。文章对于如何在石油集输的过程当中有效实验节能减排这一目标,提供了集中途径。主要的方法有：使用重油以取代原油,达到能源充分利用的目的;采用热电厂产生的余热蒸汽来替代原油,以达到能源的跨行业使用,最终达到节约能源的目的;采用含硫较低的煤层气以取代原油,达到能源使用的优化以及降低有害气体排放的目标。     

气提原油稳定工艺模拟分析

原油负压稳定工艺的轻烃收率受到多个参数的影响。利用HYSYS流程模拟软件对常规负压稳定工艺进行了模拟,并分析了稳定塔操作压力及温度对轻烃收率的影响。在常规工艺基础上,引入气提技术,通过HYSYS模拟发现气提技术可以提高原油稳定深度,增加轻烃收率,同时研究了气提气量及组分对轻烃收率的影响。     

资源型城市选择接替产业的研究

本文把企业竞争战略的理论和方法应用于区域经济的研究,从公共管理部门的角度看待区域经济发展问题,为资源型城市的转型和产业结构的优化提出了可以选择或借鉴的经济发展战略和思路。说明公共管理部门如何通过合理的选择接替产业,实现城市的转型,促进经济的发展,并结合典型的资源型城市大庆加以运用。     

Typoselectivity of Crude Geobacillus sp. T1 Lipase Fused with a Cellulose-Binding Domain and Its Use in the Synthesis of Structured Lipids

Typoselectivity of crude CBD-T1 lipase (Geobacillus sp. T1 lipase fused with a cellulose binding domain) was investigated. Multi-competitive reaction mixtures including a set of n-chain fatty acids (C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3) and tripalmitin-enriched triacylglycerols were studied in hexane. The crude CBD-T1 lipase discriminated strongly against C18:1 n-9 [competitive factor (α) = 0.23] and showed the highest preference for C8:0 (α = 1). Utilizing the catalytic properties of crude CBD-T1 lipase, acidolysis of soybean oil with C8:0 was selected as a model reaction to investigate the ability of the lipase to produce MLM-type (medium-long-medium) structured lipids. Several reaction parameters (added water amount, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio and reaction time) examined for incorporating C8:0 into soybean oil, the optimum conditions were: 1:3 (soybean oil/C8:0) of molar ratio, 3 mL of hexane, 50 °C of temperature, 48 h of reaction time, 20 % of crude CBD-T1 lipase (w/w total substrates), and 7.5 % of water (w/w enzyme). Under these conditions, the incorporation of C8:0 was 29.6 mol%. The results suggest that crude CBD-T1 lipase, which showed different fatty acid specificity profiles, is a potential biocatalyst for the modification of fats and oils.     

焦炉煤气正、负压HPF脱硫工艺比较

对正、负压HPF脱硫工艺进行工艺特点和经济比较,并对2种工艺的设备、产品、原材料及消耗指标进行了对比,分析可知,操作运行费用2种工艺相当,而建设费用HPF正压脱硫工艺具有优势,因此,正压脱硫在焦化行业中应用广泛。     

大庆油田北三区西部井网加密的实践和认识

试验区PI 1-4油层属河流-三角洲相沉积,水淹严重且极不均匀,各沉积单元水淹状况与单元的油层发育、注采完善状况紧密相连。砂体发育决定了水淹厚度具有南北条带的一致性,并且西部水淹程度比东部高,油层纵向上呈多段水淹,高中水淹部位大部分集中在各沉积单元的底部。指出试验区内有6种剩余油分布,并总结出了井网加密后对水驱的认识,为进行三元复合驱试验奠定了基础。     

创新监测技术服务油田开发为创建百年油田提供可靠技术保障

针对大庆油田现场存在的同位素吸水剖面测井同位素沾污、地层大孔道、注聚井注入剖面测试等问题,本着实用、配套的原则,重点发展了多项特色生产测井技术。“十五”期间开展了新型同位素载体、五参数组合测井技术、氧活化测井技术、聚驱注入剖面测井技术、示踪相关流量测井技术等课题的攻关,取得了一批先进实用的技术成果。本文在总结大庆油田监测工作取得的巨大成绩和突破性认识的基础上,指出了监测技术目前存在的主要问题及今后科研攻关的目标和发展方向。