分子荧光光谱结合归一化法快速判定大豆原油掺伪

本试验通过大豆原油与成品油的荧光谱图的共同差异,结合谱峰归一化建立了无损、简单、快速、低成本的大豆原油掺伪判别方法。该方法采用荧光光度计,固定激发波长360 nm,设定激发狭缝与发射狭缝均为5 nm,收集不同来源大豆原油、成品油及其不同比例掺混油在370~800 nm的发射荧光谱图。由于大豆原油在388、525和676 nm处均有谱峰,而各成品油仅在417 nm处有强峰,使得它们的掺混油在388nm和525 nm的谱峰强度发生明显变化。利用这一特性,本试验设525 nm处峰强为1,定义388 nm与525 nm的峰强比值乘以100为掺伪指数(Ia)。试验表明:大豆原油中掺入了成品油的Ia均超过20。该方法的最低检出限为10%。     

对油脂氧化机理中缺陷的研究

传统不饱和天然油脂氧化(和抗氧化)机理及皮革化学品(氧化亚硫酸化加脂剂)油脂氧化机理的观点，与大量的实验存在很多明显的矛盾。现代仪器分析测试手段的引入，系统地研究与表征了油脂氧化过程中的产物，完善了传统油脂氧化机理。     

中国古代油脂文明溯源与变迁北大核心CSCD

中华民族在浩瀚的历史长河中,创造了璀璨的中华文明,也成就了灿烂的油脂文化。古代油脂,液态称之膏,固态谓之脂。先秦始萌,油脂闪耀于文明之焰;春秋争鸣,油脂溢彩于辐辏之间。唐代社会兴盛,油作坊应运而生;宋朝手工业繁荣,榨油业迅速发展;明代科学启蒙,制油工艺大总结;清朝墨守成规,制油业渐趋平缓。中国油脂博物馆古代油脂展厅从古代制油业的探索、古代油料作物、古代油脂应用、古代制油业的变迁、古代油脂文化等五个部分介绍了我国油脂的历史、文化和应用。     

Modeling of Abrasive Wear in a Piston Ring and Engine Cylinder Bore System©

Engine-related improvements such as more efficient engine components, improved engine oils, and high-performance coating materials, need to be verified in terms of their effects on the tribological performance of the piston ring/cylinder bore system. The main purpose of this research is to develop an abrasive wear model for the piston ring/cylinder bore system during steady-state operation by considering the effects of temperature, load, oil degradation, surface roughness, and material properties. The model can be used either in theoretical modeling or integrated with finite element analysis. Based on a laboratory simulator, a three-body abrasive wear model has been developed to model the wear progression of the piston ring/cylinder bore system during steady state operation. The proposed novel abrasive wear model addresses the effects of temperature, load, oil degradation, surface roughness, and material properties. The feasibility of the proposed model is illustrated by a numerical example.     

新技术在常减压蒸馏装置中的应用—板式换热器

简要介绍了板式换热器的结构,分析了板式换热器的特点,针对在常减压蒸馏装置中的应用,同管壳式换热器在传热效率及经济性做了对比.结果表明,在常减压装置中某些特定换热台位使用板式换热器代替常规管壳式换热器,既能降低设备投资,又能增加热能回收,实现节能减排.     

原油蒸馏的火灾危险性分析及预防措施

根据原油蒸馏工艺过程及其设备分析了其生产过程中存在的危险因素和条件,总结了火灾爆炸事故的预防措施与技术。     

Eurodist全自动实沸点蒸馏仪在原油评价中应用研究

本文介绍了德国Eofa公司生产的全自动实沸点蒸馏仪的工作原理和操作方法,并利用该仪器在实验室对原油进行蒸馏,其蒸馏的数据与英国Intertek实验室进行了对比,我们对蒸馏的结果进行研究分析,研究结果表明,该仪器完全符合AST MD2892和ASTM D5256标准方法,已经应用于原油评价工作中,实现了测定原油沸点蒸馏的自动化。     

WTI与布伦特油价价差将回归合理状态

分析了过去几年wTI与布伦特油价价差扩大的原因,对2013年wTI与布伦特原油倒挂价差收窄原因进行了详细分析,并对未来wTI与布伦特原油倒挂价差短期走势进行了判断。     

新型节能油井井口加热装置设计制作

根据湍流热导系数大于层流热导系数的原理,设计了一种应用于原油井口的节能加热装置。该装置采用电加热方式,在加热管上设有旋流片,使油水混合均匀的同时加强其湍流形态,以获得更大的热导系数。该装置配有防爆系统,使该加热装置能够更加安全稳定的运行。该装置原理可行,节能环保,安全可靠,可广泛的应用于油田原油井口加热。     

Biohydrogen production from crude glycerol by immobilized Klebsiella sp. TR17 in a UASB reactor and bacterial quantification under non-sterile conditions

Biohydrogen production from crude glycerol by immobilized Klebsiella sp. TR17 was investigated in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The reactor was operated under non-sterile conditions at 40^○C and initial pH 8.0 at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (2–12 h) and glycerol concentrations (10–30 g/L). Decreasing the HRT led to an increase in hydrogen production rate (HPR) and hydrogen yield (HY). The highest HPR of 242.15 mmol H₂/L/d and HY of 44.27 mmol H₂/g glycerol consumed were achieved at 4 h HRT and glycerol concentrations of 30 and 10 g/L, respectively. The main soluble metabolite was 1,3-propanediol, which implies that Klebsiella sp. was dominant among other microorganisms. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the microbial community was dominated by Klebsiella sp. with 56.96, 59.45, and 63.47% of total DAPI binding cells, at glycerol concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 g/L, respectively.