酒东,酒西盆地的异同与油气勘探

酒东盆地和酒西盆地都是祁连褶皱系为山前盆地，在同一区域构造应力场控制下发育，有很多相似性。酒西盆地自３０年代以来发现了一批浅层油气藏，酒东盆地多年勘探却无重大突破。分析二者的异同，认为：（１）盆地边界条件不同，导致局部应力作用方式有别，酒西盆地逆冲－褶皱变形强列，酒东盆 构造变形微弱，中浅、浅层断裂少；（２）主要是油源层都是深部下白垩统赤金堡组的成熟－－高成熟烃源岩；（３）酒西盆地的深部油气以断裂     

Thermal acceptability assessment in buildings located in hot and humid regions in Brazil

The objective of this paper was to perform an analysis on thermal acceptability in naturally ventilated (NVB) and air-conditioned buildings (ACB) located in hot and humid climates in Brazil. Experiments were carried out in April and November 2005 with 1.301 questionnaires based on ISO 10551:1995(E). Indoor and outdoor climatic variables were monitored simultaneously. The results revealed that 53% of the occupants of NVB and 78% of ACB were thermally satisfied. However, some restrictions were observed with the applications of the following methodologies: ISO/FDIS 7730:2005(E); ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55:2004; Adaptive Temperature Limits (ATG) and prEN15251: 2005(E). Differences were observed between thermal sensation (TSV) and predicted mean vote (PMV) and between the subject's percentages expressing thermal unacceptability of the environment and the PPD calculated according to ISO/FDIS 7730:2005(E).     

Aromatic and hetero-aromatic compositional changes during catalytic hydrotreatment of shale oil

Oil shale from the Kimmeridge Clay, of Jurassic age from the UK was pyrolysed in a 5 kg fixed bed reactor at 525°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The derived shale oil was then hydrotreated at 15.0 Mpa pressure and 400°C in a stirred reactor with a nickel–molybdenum (Ni–Mo) catalyst and residence times from 8 to 56 h. The shale oils were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and for nitrogen-PAH (PANH) and sulphur-PAH (PASH), before and after hydrotreatment. The results showed that generally the higher molecular weight three and four ring PAH decreased with increasing hydrotreatment time, however, single ring aromatic compounds and two ring PAH were increased. Nitrogen and sulphur containing PAH were significantly reduced in concentration in the oils with increasing hydrotreatment time to reach negligible concentrations after 56 h. The reduction in PANH and PASH coincided with a reduction in the overall nitrogen and sulphur contents of the oils.     

The mixing aspects of NiMo and CoMo hydrotreating catalysts in ebullated-bed reactors

Recently, the Shuaiba Refinery of Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC) conducted a test run using mixed NiMo/CoMo catalysts in one of the H–Oil reactors to verify the specifications of a CoMo catalyst. However, reduced unit performance and unstable operation were experienced. This led to the unit shut-down and process time loss. To search the causes for the different reactor behaviours, a research work was undertaken in the Petroleum Technology Department at Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR). It had found that the hydrodynamics of the mixed NiMo/CoMo and CoMo catalysts in a cold flow ebullated-bed reactor (EBR) were very different than NiMo catalyst alone.     

A novel method for color determination of edible oils in L*a*b* format

A simple method that uses visible spectrophotometer data and an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to determine edible oil color based on the L*a*b* format. The 100 oil samples consisted of nine pure oils, a sesame oil blend and three heated oils. Binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures of these 13 oils in different ratios were prepared, and absorbance values of the samples were measured in the visible region (380–700 nm). The absorbance values at wavelengths of 416, 456, 483, 537, 611 and 672 nm were used to train, validate and test the network. Strong correlations between the instrumental L*a*b*ΔE and the estimated L*a*b*ΔE were found for the test samples, with correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.989, 0.984, 0.996 and 0.992 for L*, a*, b*, and ΔE, respectively. The effects of number and combination of the wavelengths used for training of the ANN on the estimation capability of the network for the test samples were also investigated. Although a good agreement, average R² of 0.991– 0 993 for L*a*b*, was obtained for combinations composed of three to six wavelengths with 483 and 537 nm in common, the best R² value was obtained when all six wavelengths were used to train the ANN. The developed method is objective, cost effective and simple, and allows the color measurement with a basic visible spectrophotometer and disposable cuvettes.     

An oil import fee and drilling activity in the USA : A comment

Edward F. Renshaw's [5] recent analysis of the impact of a $5/bbl oil import fee on drilling activity in the USA is re-examined. Specifically, this comment shows: (i) the initial stimulus to the US rotary rig count of 420 new rigs would not completely disappear over the next five years, but last much longer; (ii) the initial employment impact would be more than twice as large as Renshaw suggested (39 060 rather than 18 480); and (iii) the relevant social cost per new job (excluding transfers) could be as small as $19 200, more than 80 times smaller than Renshaw's estimate of $1.6 million.     

大型油船结构优化系统分析

将传统的瀑布模型和敏捷模型结合起来，作为指导大型油船结构优化系统（OSOTS）开发的软件方法学。推迟了编码工作，对系统的稳定和变化部分进行了具有高度可靠性和扩展弹性的设计，保证了编码的顺利进行。     

水泥砼桥面防水粘结材料性能研究

铺装结构中防水粘结层的设置对于混凝土桥面至关重要。对三种防水粘结材料的原材料性能进行检验，室内模拟了三者的实际路用性能并进行对比分析，现场检测了防水粘结层的拉拔强度和剪切强度，为合理选择防水粘结材料提供了依据。     

pH-ISFET在电位滴定中的应用

本文介绍了以pH-ISFET为检测器的电位滴定系统,研究了强酸与强碱的滴定。用pH-ISFET作为检测器,与其它种类检测器的滴定规律相似,pH-ISFET电位滴定系统可将被检测液的浓度下限拓展到10~(-5)N数量级。该系统辨认等当点的能力强,而且具有设备简单、操作方便、重现性好、适用性强等特点。     

Stability parameter analysis of a composite foundation of an oil storage tank in a loess area treated with compaction piles

The research takes the composite foundation of the Lintao oil depot belonging to the Gansu branch of PetroChina treated with compaction piles in the collapsible loess region as the research background. A large number of compaction piles dispersed in the composite foundation are simplified using the equivalent continuum method. Discrete piles arranged in a triangular shape are simplified in the model, where the annular piles and compacted soil are arranged alternately, which can provide new ideas for the three-dimensional calculation mode of composite foundation and greatly improve the convergence and computational efficiency of the finite element model. To more realistically reflect the actual situation, the soil-structure and fluid–structure interactions, the material and the contact nonlinearities are considered, and a large-scale three-dimensional calculation model, which includes the composite foundation, concrete foundation, tank and liquid, is established. A sensitivity analysis is used to analyze the sensitivity of the elastic modulus, internal friction angle and cohesion of the composite foundation. The sensitivity of a single factor is evaluated based on the absolute value of the slope of the result-parameter curve; the relative sensitivity of various parameters is discussed according to the dimensionless sensitivity. The results show that for composite foundation, an increase in the friction angle or the cohesion of the foundation will significantly increase the safety factor. The sensitivity of the friction angle is greater than that of cohesion, and the sensibility of the elasticity modulus on the stability is very small. The results suggest that the accuracy of the mechanical parameter selection should be considered in the research on the stability of composite foundations. Measures to increase the angle of internal friction should be preferentially taken and increasing the cohesion should be considered secondary to improve the stability and safety reserve of composite foundation.