重组毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达水蛭素过程中产物的生成和降解

目的　研究重组毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达水蛭素过程中产物的生成和降解。方法　通过质谱和氨基酸序列分析确定水蛭素的 4种活性异构体 ,再用HPLC监测发酵过程中水蛭素的降解情况。结果　发酵过程中产生了 4种具有较高比活的水蛭素异构体 ,它们分别是目的产物水蛭素Hir6 5及Hir6 5的C 末端降解 1～ 3个氨基酸的产物。发酵时细胞干重达到 16 2g/L ,水蛭素的总活性一直在增加 ,最高为 2 .4 5× 10 4ATU/ml,相当于总产量1.8g/L。但Hir6 5在 4种水蛭素异构体总量中的比例一直在下降。Hir6 5的产量先升高再降低 ,最高为 2 80mg/L。结论　毕赤酵母发酵过程中水蛭素存在降解 ,Hir6 5降解产生了Hir6 2和Hir6 3。     

Catalytic degradation of waste polyolefinic polymers using spent FCC catalyst with various experimental variables

Liquid-phase catalytic degradation of waste polyolefinic polymers (HDPE, LDPE, PP) over spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a stirred semi-batch operation. The effect of experimental variables, such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, plastic types and weight ratio of mixed plastic on the yield and accumulative amount distribution of liquid product for catalytic degradation was investigated. The initial rate of catalytic degradation of waste HDPE was linearly increased with catalyst amount (4-12 wt%), while that was exponentially increased with reaction temperature (350-430 ‡C). Spent FCC catalyst in the liquid-phase catalytic degradation of polymer was not deactivated fast. The product distribution from catalytic degradation using spent FCC catalyst strongly depended on the plastic type. The catalytic degradation of mixed plastic (HDPE: LDPE: PP: PS=3: 2: 3: 1) showed lower degradation temperature by about 20 ‡C than that of pure HDPE.     

一株Triton X⁃100降解菌的分离鉴定及降解条件优化

从某化工厂污水处理车间好氧曝气池的活性污泥中,筛选了一株对非离子表面活性剂Triton X?100具有降解能力的菌株ISB5。对菌株的16S rDNA进行测序和比对分析,将菌株ISB5鉴定为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）。进一步对菌株ISB5降解Triton X?100的培养条件进行考察,得到了菌株的适宜降解条件：培养温度为30 ℃,Triton X?100的初始质量浓度为4 g/L,培养时间为28 h,振荡速率为150 r/min,装液量为100.00 mL,接种量为1.00%（菌株ISB5与培养基的体积比）。在该条件下,TritonX?100的降解率可达93.0%以上。     

水滑石类光催化剂在污水处理中的应用

双金属复合氢氧化物（LDHs,又叫水滑石）因具有层状结构、稳定的物化性质和电子特性等优点,可以大范围地应用在污水处理中。目前,水滑石作为光催化剂及其复合材料在污水处理上的应用受到越来越多的关注。综述了水滑石光催化剂的制备及其改性,着重介绍了不同类型水滑石对水中不同污染物的去除效果,并简要阐述了水滑石光催化剂的作用机理和研究现状。最后,展望了水滑石光催化剂的发展趋势,以期为后续水滑石在污水处理上的应用提供借鉴。     

甲壳素的应用及研究进展

介绍了甲壳素的功能、用途以及国内外的研究进展情况。对其重要参数的测量方法、脱乙酰化、降解方法等进行了评述。展望了该领域发展的前景     

Modelling the post treatment process of model implants prepared by in situ polymerized poly(ε-caprolactone) using a BF3-glycerol catalyst system

The post treatment process of a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) model implant prepared using a boron trifluoride (BF₃) catalyst and glycerol initiator by in situ polymerisation process for craniofacial and maxillofacial treatment is modelled using a ‘moving-boundary’ diffusion model. A numerical method was used to solve a system of diffusion equations of the model. The variable diffusion coefficient (D) was correlated with crystallinity (x_c) of the polymer which is a function of its molecular weight (M_w) and its degradation rate constant (k_d), D=f(x_c(M_w,k_d)). The post treatment time and the molecular weight retained after post treatment can be obtained using this model. The modelling results show that the process is potentially suitable for manufacturing thin model implants of complex shape.     

Hydrolytic degradation of oligo(lactic acid): a kinetic and mechanistic study

This study shows that the degradation mechanism and kinetics of monodisperse oligo(lactic acid)s esterified with N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMAm) are strongly influenced by the nature of the chain end. Oligomers with free hydroxyl chain ends degraded predominantly by chain end scission via a backbiting mechanism with a pseudo first-order rate constant k_bb=2.7 h⁻¹ in aqueous buffer (37 °C, pH 7.2). Once the hydroxyl groups were protected by acetylation, random chain scission became the rate limiting step with k_r=0.022 h⁻¹ under the same conditions. Using these rate constants, the theoretical time-resolved degradation profile was calculated for every (intermediate) degradation product and corresponded very well with the experimental results. The rate of formation of HPMAm was independent of the chain length for the acetylated oligomers, while the hydroxyl terminated oligomers with an even number of lactic acid units formed HPMAm more rapidly than oligomers with an odd number of units. The possibility to fine-tune the degradation rate is relevant when applied as e.g. hydrogels for controlled release or tissue engineering materials.     

Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of carbonation process in reinforced concrete structures: Part I: Theoretical formulation

In this work, the mathematical-numerical model of carbonation process in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which has been developed by the authors, is applied to different cases of study to take into account the probabilistic nature of durability assessment procedure even if within the framework of a rough and ready approach. In particular, the aim of this Part I of the work is to study how the variability of the parameters defining the differential equations in the model influence the assessment of the corrosion initiation time of RC structure. Comparison with experimental results and numerical simulations are undertaken in Part II of this work.     

Amorphisation mechanism of a flint aggregate during the alkali-silica reaction: X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption XANES contributions

Flint samples at different stages of the Alkali-Silica Reaction were prepared and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and silicon K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure techniques (XANES). The results are compared to those of measurements performed on alpha quartz c-SiO₂ and rough flint aggregate. The molar fraction of Q₃ sites is determined as a function of the time of reaction. Up to 14 h of attack, the effect of the reaction seems of little importance. From 30 to 168 h, we showed an acceleration of the effect of the reaction on the crystal structure of the aggregate resulting in an amorphisation of the crystal. During this period, the amorphous fraction increases linearly with the number of Q₃ sites. The results of the XANES confirm the amorphisation of the aggregate during the reaction and show the presence of silicon in a tetrahedral environment of oxygen whatever the time of attack.     

Calcium silicate structure and carbonation shrinkage of a tobermorite-based material

Carbonated autoclaved aerated concretes (AACs) show no shrinkage at a degree of carbonation approximately less than 20%. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectrum showed that at a degree of carbonation less than 25%, the typical double-chain silicate anion structure of tobermorite-11Å was well maintained and interlayer Ca ions were exchanged with protons. This corresponded to the absence of carbonation shrinkage at a degree of carbonation less than 20%. When the degree of carbonation increased from 25% to 50% up to 60%, the double-chain silicate anion structure of tobermorite-11Å was decomposed and Ca ions in the Ca-O layers were dissolved, showing a possible mechanism of carbonation shrinkage.