延长生焦时间对延迟焦化装置的影响

国内焦化装置的生焦时间几乎都采用24小时，设计的焦炭塔空高较大，在装置低负荷生产时，适当延长生焦时间，不仅可降低装置的运营成本、提高焦炭质量、降低劳动强度，而且还可降低维修费用。安庆焦化成功地在一套装置上实现了48小时生焦操作，年运行200天，增效约100万元。     

带有检测迟延的燃料-汽压系统状态观测器设计

由于时延现象的大量存在,时延系统的状态估计问题得到了广泛的研究和重视.针对输出含有时间延迟的燃料-汽压系统,进行了时间延迟补偿观测器的设计.针对不同的时间延迟进行了仿真,实验结果表明,观测器在一定的时间内能够很好地跟踪输出时延系统的状态.     

Fundamentals of bitumen coking processes analogous to granulations: A critical review

A number of coking processes use hot particles to heat liquid bitumen or petroleum residue to cause cracking reactions. These particles may be mineral or coke solids. Interactions of these particles, in fluid beds, moving beds and other types of contactors, are governed by the liquid films on the particle surfaces. This paper explores the analogy between granulation and coking, and suggests that the key relationships that will govern the behavior of wet particles in coking processes are the Stokes number of the particles, the thickness or the liquid films, and the diameter and surface roughness of the particles. The implications for distribution of liquid feed in the reactor, fouling, and defluidization or bogging are discussed. This analysis suggests experiments that can be performed under non‐reactive conditions with scaled variables in order to study phenomena that cannot be observed in situ in high‐temperature cracking processes.     

配贫瘦煤炼焦的探讨与实践

介绍了在生产性实验中配加不同比例的贫瘦煤炼焦对焦炭强度的影响 ,最经济合理的配煤比可使焦炭的强度有一定改善。     

用分片治理法实现焦化污染的限期治理

借鉴国内外焦化污染的治理技术,找出了投资省、见效快、具有自己特色的治污之路,使焦化污水实现了达标排放,并通过了各级环保部门的验收。     

Alkylation of toluene with 1‐dodecene over HFAU zeolite. Deactivation and regeneration

The alkylation of toluene with 1dodecene was carried out over a HFAU zeolite (total and framework Si/Al ratio = 25) under the following conditions: fixedbed reactor, 90°C, molar toluene/dodecene ratio of 3, WHSV =10 h^–. Monododecyltoluenes are selectively formed, bidodecyltoluenes appearing only in low amounts at a complete conversion of dodecene. Tridodecyltoluenes are also formed inside the supercages but cannot desorb from the zeolite. These compounds, mainly located in the outer part of the crystallites are responsible for catalyst deactivation. However, tridodecyltoluenes can be completely removed by treatment under toluene flow, which allows a complete regeneration of the catalyst. This removal occurs by transalkylation between tridodecyltoluenes and toluene molecules with a final formation of monododecyltoluenes. At least, the first transalkylation steps occur between toluene in the liquid phase and tridodecyltoluenes in the zeolite pores (pore mouth catalysis).     

TiO2-SnO2 coated bamboo biochar for electrochemical treatment of coking wastewater

A new type of bamboo biochar (BC) loaded TiO₂-SnO₂ particle electrode was prepared and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD for efficient treatment of the coking wastewater in a three-dimensional electrochemical reaction system(3DERs). The results showed that bamboo biochar had a dense microporous space structure, and a significant amount of Ti-Sn oxides existed on the surface and in the interior of the BC. The removal rates of COD and DOC in coking wastewater reached to 73.96% and 66.72% respectively, and UV₂₅₄ reduced from 6.65 cm^-1 to 3.00 cm^-1 by the electrolysis treatment of 150 min at the current density of 30 mA/cm². The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra indicated that the most of the soluble organic compounds and soluble microbial by-products were degraded and transformed. The addition of Ti and Sn enhanced the efficacy of the electrooxidation, electro-adsorption and electrocatalytic behavior of the BC particle electrodes, which improved the treatment effect on coking wastewater in the 3DERs. In addition, this study provides the possibility of basic research for the engineering practice of electrochemical oxidation treatment of coking wastewater.     

Metal Dusting of Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni–Cr Alloys Under Cyclic Conditions

Metal dusting is the disintegration of alloys into carbon and metal particles during high-temperature exposure to carbon-bearing gases. Model Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni–Cr alloys were studied to test the hypothesis that M₃C formation is necessary for metal dusting to occur. The alloys were exposed to a 68% CO–26% H₂–6% H₂O gas mixture at 680°C (a_c=2.9) under thermal cycling conditions. Equilibrium calculations predicted the formation of M₃C at the surface of Fe–25Cr, but not Fe–60Cr. All compositions were expressed in w/o, weight percent. Alloys of Fe–25Cr with 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 w/o nickel additions were also exposed to the same conditions to study the role of nickel in destabilizing the precipitation of M₃C and, hence, altering the resistance to metal dusting. Metal dusting was observed on all the alloys except Fe–60Cr. For Fe–25Cr, Fe–25Cr–2.5Ni, and Fe–25Cr–5Ni, the carbonization and dusting process was localized, and its incidence decreased in Fe–25Cr–2.5Ni, consistent with the increased destabilization of M₃C precipitation. However, Fe–25Cr–10Ni and Fe–25Cr–25Ni both underwent extensive dusting in the absence of protective Cr₂O₃ formation. The carbon deposits formed consisted of carbon filaments, which contained particles at their tips. These were shown by electron diffraction to be exclusively Fe₃C in Fe–25Cr, Fe–25Cr–2.5Ni, and Fe–25Cr–5Ni, and a mixture of austenite and (Fe,Ni)₃C in Fe–25Cr–10Ni and Fe–25Cr–25Ni.     

Stability Analysis for Delayed Neural Networks with Discontinuous Neuron Activations

This paper considers a class of delayed neural networks with discontinuous neuron activations. Based on the theory of differential equations with discontinuous right‐hand sides, some novel sufficient conditions are derived that ensure the existence and global exponential stability of the equilibrium point. Moreover, by adopting the concept of convergence in measure, convergence behavior for the output is discussed. The obtained results are independent of the delay parameter and can be thought of as a generalization of previous results established for delayed neural networks with Lipschtz continuous neuron activations to the discontinuous case. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness and novelty of our results by comparing our results with those in the early literature.     

Global asymptotic stability of delayed neural networks with discontinuous neuron activations

This paper investigates a class of delayed neural networks whose neuron activations are modeled by discontinuous functions. By utilizing the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem of multivalued version, the properties of M-matrix and generalized Lyapunov approach, we present some sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and global asymptotic stability of the state equilibrium point. Furthermore, the global convergence of the output solutions are also discussed. The assumptive conditions imposed on activation functions are allowed to be unbounded and nonmonotonic, which are less restrictive than previews works on the discontinuous or continuous neural networks. Hence, we improve and extend some existing results of other researchers. Finally, one numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the criteria proposed in this paper.