Effects of alteration on shear characteristics of compacted Ca-bentonite immersed in alkaline solutions

This study evaluated the shear characteristics of compacted Ca-bentonite immersed in 0.1 mol/L of NaOH, KOH, and KOH–NaOH and 0.005 mol/L of Ca(OH)₂ at 40℃ over a maximum period of 1710 days. Triaxial compression tests were performed on the immersed specimens, and the mineral composition, mean layer charge, leachable cations, and microstructure were investigated. The dissolution of cristobalite was significant at high pH levels, whereas phillipsite was precipitated in the specimens immersed in the NaOH and NaOH–KOH solutions. The amount of leachable cations increased substantially, indicating that soluble secondary products (non-crystalline phase) were present in the specimens, as was proven by the observation of gel-like products comprised of Ca and Si on the microphotograph. An increase and decrease in the maximum deviator stress occurred as a result of the dissolution and precipitation. A structural parameter was proposed in this study by assuming the contribution of the secondary products to the cementation of the soil skeleton. This provided a series state transition of the compacted bentonite, where the maximum deviator stress increased with the cementation of the non-crystalline secondary phase. However, the progressing dissolution of the primary minerals decreased the dry density, thereby loosening the cemented structure and reducing the maximum deviator stress.     

Investigations on air pressure and air losses in compressed air tunneling through saturated clayey soil

Determination of air pressure and assessment of air losses in clayey soil are of great importance to implementation of compressed air tunneling. In the present work, a series of air flow tests were performed to provide a more reasonable method based on flow characteristics of snap-off pressure and the dissolution/diffusion. Results showed that, the nonlinear air flow behavior and gas breakthrough were presented with the increase in air pressure. After that, the excessive pressure decreased continuously to reach an equilibrium termed as the snap-off. For the tested clayey soil, snap-off pressures around 250 kPa could be adopted as the air pressure, which was significantly lower than the gas breakthrough pressures. Diffusion coefficient of 1.5 × 10^-11 m²/s could be determined in the followed dissolution/diffusion stage, which bring 3 orders of decreasing magnitude in air losses compared to the capillary flow occurred after gas breakthrough. As a conclusion, the adoption of snap-off pressure in compressed air tunneling could effectively prevent the continuous air/water flow in clayey soil and create a more human-friendly environment. Additionally, less air losses could be presented compared to that using gas breakthrough pressure, indicating tremendous energy savings in field implementation.     

动力堆燃耗测定的样品溶解

文章介绍动力堆燃料燃耗测定中样品的溶解方法，试验不同浓度ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌ混合液在沸腾温度下溶解ＵＯ２冷样品的效果，以萤光光度计测定溶解液的透明度予以判别。用７．５ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１ＨＮＯＥ－ＨＣｌ混合液（ｃ（ＨＮＯ３）：ｃ（ＨＣｌ）＝４：１），溶解热样品，溶解液涂片在超显微镜下检查未见不溶颗粒存在。     

Cavitation erosion behavior of CLAM steel weld joint in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic alloy

The cavitation erosion of weld joint and base metal of China low activation martensitic(CLAM)steel in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic alloy(LBE)at 550°C was investigated to simulate the cavitation erosion of the first wall and the nuclear main pump impeller in the accelerator driven sub-critical system(ADS).A suit of ultrasonic cavitation facility was self-designed to study the cavitation erosion.By studying the surface micro topography,roughness and mean pit depth of the tested specimens,it was found that some crater clusters and large scale cracks appeared on the tested specimen surface after the formation of numerous single craters,and the base metal exhibited much better cavitation erosion resistance than the weld bead due to the difference in their mechanical properties and microstructures.In addition,by comparing the results of static corrosion and cavitation erosion,it could be concluded that the cavitation erosion and the dissolution and oxidation corrosion in liquid LBE would accelerate mutually.     

地层碱化处理中矿物碱溶规律研究

研究了几种主要造岩矿物的碱溶规律。通过静态浸泡后上层清液中Ｓｉ、Ａｌ和ＯＨ－含量的测定，得出了固液比、浸泡时间、碱浓度、浸泡温度、碱类型等单一因素对不同矿物碱溶过程影响的规律。研究结果表明，延长浸泡时间、提高碱浓度、升高反应温度有利于矿物溶解；强碱促进矿物溶解；碱化处理的适宜碱剂为ＫＯＨ，适宜地层为高粘土含量的高温低渗砂岩地层     

Study of Formulation Parameters by Factorial Design in Metoprolol Tartrate Matrix Systems

The study of formulation parameters in hydrophilic matrices of metoprolol tartrate by 2³ factorial design was made. We compared the dissolution profiles of two hydrophilic polymers (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose) at high and low concentrations and in the presence or absence of an insoluble excipient (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate). The results showed that the presence of an insoluble excipient influenced almost all of the dissolution parameters.     

Dissolution of magnetite coupled galvanically with iron in environmentally friendly chelant solutions

The galvanic coupling between magnetite and iron in ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) solutions both with and without added iron(II) ions has been studied using electrochemical methods. The galvanic coupling accelerates the corrosion of iron due to the small shift in its potential in the anodic direction. At the same time, the potential of magnetite is cathodically polarized away from the potential range where the only faradaic process—the reductive dissolution of magnetite—takes place and results in a considerable decrease in its dissolution. Magnetite dissolves faster at the galvanic potential when [EDDS] ? [Fe²⁺] whereas iron is affected to a much lesser extent. The ratio between the rates of dissolution of magnetite at the galvanic potential to that at its steady state potential tends to decrease at higher temperatures and at higher EDDS and Fe²⁺ concentrations. This study shows that temperature plays a decisive role in the dissolution of magnetite coupled to iron. To completely remove it from the iron surface, high temperatures should be used. Corrosion inhibitors have to be considered when high losses of the base metal cannot be tolerated.     

Synthesis of ionic liquids based on alkylimidazolium salts and their coal dissolution and dispersion properties

A series of new bis (imidazolium) cation-based ionic liquids, wherein two imidazole rings are tethered by alkyl ether chains (oxygen numbers) of different lengths, were prepared, and their coal dissolution and dispersion properties were studied. It was found these ionic liquids can be used to fragment, disperse, and partially dissolve micrometer-size coal particles by simply mixing ionic liquid/coal dispersions. Dissolution performances and light hydrocarbon production were found to be sensitively increased by increasing the lengths of alkyl ether chains between imidazolium rings.     

Effects of barium dissolution on dispersing aqueous barium titanate suspensions

Dissolution of barium ion and its effect on dispersion behavior of aqueous barium titanate suspensions at various pH values have been investigated. The amount of leached barium ion decreases with increasing pH value. The dissolution of barium ion also causes an increase in pH value of suspension, but the change decreases with increasing initial pH value. The iso-electric point (IEP) of leached barium titanate powder increases with increasing leaching pH value and solid loading as well. The dissolution of barium ion enhances the colloidal stability of aqueous barium titanate suspension, in agreement with zeta potential measurement.     

用溶解-吸光法测定麻棉混纺纱的混纺比

介绍了一种测定麻棉混纺纱混纺比的方法 ,该方法将麻棉混纺纱经硫酸半溶解 ,然后测定其溶液的吸光值 ,求得混纺比。