Uptake of Zn2+ ions by a fully iron-exchanged clinoptilolite. Case study of heavily contaminated drinking water samples

Clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, was used for the synthesis of a high surface area clinoptilolite (Clin)-iron (Fe) oxide system, in order to be used for the removal of Zn(2+) ions from drinking water samples. The new system was obtained by adding natural Clin in an iron nitrate solution under strongly basic conditions. The Clin-Fe system has specific surface area equal to 151 m(2)/g and is fully iron exchanged (Fe/Al=1.23). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the Clin and the Clin-Fe system in removal of Zn from drinking water. Adsorption experiments were conducted by mixing 1.00 g of each of the substrates with certain volume of water samples contaminated with ten different Zn concentrations (from 7.65x10(-5) to 3.82x10(-2)M or from 5.00 to 2500 ppm Zn). For our experimental conditions, the maximum adsorbed Zn amount by Clin was 71.3mg/g, whereas by the Clin-Fe system 94.8 mg/g. The main factors that contribute to different adsorbed Zn amounts by the two solids are due to new surface species and negative charge of the Clin-Fe system. In addition, the release of counterbalanced ions (i.e. Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and K(+)) was examined, as well as the dissolution of framework Si and Al. It was found that for most of the samples the Clin-Fe system releases lower concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na and higher concentrations of K than Clin, while the dissolution of Si/Al was limited. Changes in the composition of water samples, as well as in their pH and conductivities values were reported and explained.     

蒸汽吞吐稠油储层矿物溶蚀量和沉淀量的计算

本文介绍了由水质分析数据，结合水中各化学组分存在形式之间的化学平衡关系，利用质量作用定律及质量守恒定律计算出一个蒸汽吞吐周期的注入水和采出水中各化学组分存在形式的含量之后，由注入和采出水中含量变化及其与各种矿物的对应关系，计算该吞吐周期内储层岩石矿物的溶蚀量和沉淀量的方法。     

甲烷在三元复合液中的溶解度及表观溶解常数研究

在 35— 75℃和 2 4— 2 4 0bar( 2 .4— 2 4MPa)范围内 ,实验测定了甲烷在三元复合驱油液 (碱 表面活性剂 聚合物溶液 )中的溶解度。结果表明 ,甲烷在三元复合驱油液中的溶解特性与在盐溶液中相似 ,但在相同温度、压力下 ,三元复合驱油液比纯水和盐溶液对甲烷有更强的溶解能力。根据实验结果提出了胶束增溶机理。建立了甲烷在三元复合驱油液中的表观溶解常数 (Ka)与温度 (T)的关系式 :lnKa=754.99/T - 1 3.81 8。该方程结合其它参数方程 ,使理论计算甲烷在三元复合驱油液中的溶解度成为现实。