四川非常规气田开发主要钻井技术及其应用效果

随着油气勘探开发难度不断加大,尤其是近年来非常规气田的开发,定向钻井成为钻井主流技术,如何有效控制钻井成本和保护环境并防止井下事故的发生成为作业者必须面对的问题。为此,自2010年以来,在荷兰皇家壳牌集团(中国)四川非常规气项目50余井次的钻井工作中,运用了旋转导向技术、新型钻井液配方、钻井液回收技术和固控配套技术,取得了快速、安全、环保的应用效果,其中DXXX井应用旋转导向钻井,实现完钻井深5 729 m,水平段长1 418 m,钻井周期105 d,同比螺杆钻水平井节约时间65 d,钻井工程创下了该区新纪录。尤其是针对不同地层特点,兼顾环保要求,成功研制和应用了新型钻井液配方、固控和钻屑处理技术,取得了较好的环保效果。结论认为,上述配套技术的应用对提高钻遇产层成功率、提高钻井速度、缩短钻井周期、控制钻井成本、获得更好的经济效益和社会效益,具有重要的保障作用。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Bis-quaternary-Based Surfactants as Additives for Water-Based Mud

Two series of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[N,N-dimethyl alkyl (octyl or dodecyl)ammonium] dibromide (R-s-R; s = 6, 10, 12 and R = 8 and 12) were prepared and evaluated as additives for water-based mud. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Surface activity of these compounds has been studied and their surface properties including surface tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The results showed that the prepared compounds have significant surface activity, especially those of longer hydrophobic chain length. The prepared cationic gemini surfactants were evaluated as viscosifiers and filter loss additives for water-based mud formulated from local Na-montmorillonite clay. XRD analysis was carried out to the Na-montmorillonite clay to determine the interaction of the surfactants with inter layers of the clay structure. Rheological properties, gel strength, thixotropy, filtration properties and the effect of temperature on rheological properties of the water-based mud were studied. The results indicated that the gemini surfactants have a positive effect on the rheological and filtration properties of the Na-montmorillonite clay according to American Petroleum Institute specifications.     

TC4钛合金深孔钻削方式和轴向力研究

针对钛合金钻削过程中的轴线偏斜问题,基于Abaqus对钛合金两种不同的钻削过程进行仿真,建立钻杆的有限元模型、数学模型,并将轴线的偏斜问题转化为两种不同钻削方式的轴向力大小问题。得出结论：在工件速度为180～900 r/min时,钻头与工件同时反向旋转时,轴向力随着工件速度的增大而减小。并对该方式进行工件转速为900 r/min的不同钻头转速、进给量的16组试验,结果表明：在钻头转速为900～1 800 r/min之间、进给量为0.02～0.08 mm/r时,平均轴向力减小了33.4%。因此,可以采用该钻削方式减小偏斜量。     

Dedicated drill design for reduction in burr and delamination during the drilling of composite materials

In the drilling of composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic, burrs and delamination occur during machining. This study proposed a design of a drill tool with a shape that suppresses burrs and delamination during the drilling of composite materials. The tool shape (tip, groove, land, etc.) is determined, and a nick shape that cuts off chips and reduces heat generation is adopted. A finite element analysis and an experimental evaluation involving 4600 holes were conducted. The maximum errors in the hole diameter and roundness were 15 μm and 0.016, respectively. Further, the maximum burr height was observed to be 80 μm or less, and delamination was not observed in the experiment.     

Simba采矿钻车的炮孔定位定向系统分析

采矿钻车是为回采矿石而进行钻孔作业的钻车。不同的采矿方法所要求炮孔的方向、孔径、孔深是各不相同的。根据所钻孔深的不同，我们将采矿钻车分为浅孔钻车与中深孔钻车两大类。浅孔采矿钻车所钻孔的直径一般不超过64mm．孔深不超过5～6m。国外浅孔采矿钻车一般采用万能式钻臂，和掘     

我国金属矿山采掘机械化总论

大力推行机械化的金属矿山为我院矿山机械研究提供了广阔的天地。因此，有必要在总结和检验我院矿山机械研究成果时，以本文为前奏，放眼拓宽到全国，从总体上，回顾矿山机械化在我国的历史进程，使我们能从正反两方面的经验和教训中获益，认识到该怎么做，不该怎么做；分析矿山机械化的现状，可以检验我们的科研工作在全国矿山机械化建设中占有多大的比重，了解到在“众人拾柴”之中，我们做了些什么，还有哪些没有做；提出当前矿山机械化工作中存在的问题和确定今后的主攻方向，实际上是论述“的”与“矢”的关系，使我们未来的科研工作更“有的放矢”，更显成效。     

中国大陆科学钻探CCSD-1井钻井液流变模式的选择与循环压力降

针对CCSD-1井的钻进方法、井身结构和泥浆体系,通过2000m取心钻进的实施情况和采集的钻井液性能检测数据,采用数理统计和回归分析的方法,优选了卡森流变模式,计算CCSD-1井不同井深的循环压降。结合现场的生产实际,分别测定了螺杆马达、液动潜孔锤和双管取心钻具的循环压降,最后,确定了钻井液循环通道各部分的压力分布。     

钻孔灌注桩质量施工初探

论述了钻孔灌注桩以其特有的优点被广泛应用，但由于其施工工艺的复杂及对水下混凝土的施工要求，应从钻孔灌注桩的施工及工序入手做好事前和事中控制，排除隐患，提高施工质量。     

告成煤矿一起钻场火灾的原因分析

对告成矿出现的一起钻场火灾原因进行了认真分析,阐述了所采取的主要防范措施.     

厚松散层钻探工艺技术

在厚松散层中进行钻孔施工较常规钻孔存在一些技术难题，按照常规方法达不到钻孔目的或者花费较大的人力和物力。本文通过分析松散层钻孔正常钻进的影响因素，采用正循环钻孔施工技术进行施工，提出钻孔防偏和纠偏措施，最后给出了厚松散层钻孔施工技术措施，对厚松散层钻探技术具有一定的指导意义。