现场废弃油基钻井液的优化研究

针对新疆油田完钻废弃的油基钻井液进行了室内优化研究,将密度为1.23g/cm3的钻井液优化成密度为2.3g/cm3的钻井液.通过进行配方优化实验发现:随着白油比例的增大,流动性有所好转;添加辅助乳化剂之后,黏度明显增大,流变性变差;稀释剂与优化体系不配伍,破坏体系的沉降稳定性;最终优选出最佳优化配方为:33％井浆+67％白油+5％主乳化剂+4％润湿剂+3％MOTEX+0.5％流型调节剂+重晶石(密度为2.3g/cm3),该钻井液流变性良好,滤失量低,乳状液稳定,具有良好的抗钻屑和地层水污染能力,抗温达到200℃,能够满足高温高压井以及复杂井段的钻井技术要求.     

硅烷偶联剂改性纳米SiO2封堵剂的制备与作用机理

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,氨水为催化剂,水为促进剂,苯乙胺丙基三甲氧基硅烷为表面改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了一种具有核壳结构的改性纳米SiO₂。借助傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、激光粒度分析仪（PSDA）和透射电镜（TEM）,表征了改性纳米SiO₂的分子结构,并对比了其与未改性纳米SiO₂在钻井液滤液中的粒度分布和微观形貌特征。通过模拟纳微米级孔隙地层封堵率测试实验,评价了不同纳米SiO₂对纳微米微裂隙的封堵能力,并探讨了其在钻井液中纳米级分散作用机理。实验结果表明,改性纳米SiO₂在钻井液中呈现纳米级分散,相比于未改性SiO₂而言,可有效对纳微米裂隙进行封堵;当质量百分浓度为3.0%时,对模拟纳微米级地层的封堵率达到99.21%。      

小井眼钻井液技术及其流变性控制初探

小井眼钻井液技术的关键是流变性设计和控制要符合小井眼环空水力学的特征;认为流变模式应选用较全面和较复杂的修正幂律模式,小井眼钻井液的流变性能要满足减小环空压耗、提高携屑效果、稳定井壁的要求;并对两种实用于现场的小井眼钻井液体系的流变性作了分析。     

碱木素油田化学剂研究进展

本文综述了碱木素类油田化学剂的研究进展。以碱木素为主要原料，可以制成许多油田化学剂，如钻井液添加剂、油井水泥添加剂、堵水调剖剂、表面活性剂采油的牺牲剂、原油乳化降粘剂等。利用碱木素制备油田化学剂可降低油田化学剂的成本，减少纸厂制浆黑液对环境的污染，有发展前景。     

耐高温钻井液降黏剂St/AMPS/AA的研制

以苯乙烯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸和丙烯酸为原料,DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)为溶剂,引发剂BPO(过氧化苯甲酰)用量为1.0%,溶液共聚温度为85℃,反应时间为4 h,合成了St/AMPS/AA共聚物钻井液降黏剂。室内实验表明,加入0.5%该共聚物后,淡水钻井液在常温下的表观黏度由28.8 mPa.s降至23.4mPa.s,降黏率为58.3%;在260℃老化16 h后表观黏度由37.1 mPa.s降至6.8 mPa.s,降黏率为76.8%,该剂用作抗高温降黏剂在淡水钻井液中具有良好的耐温性和降黏效果。     

空气钻转为泥浆钻的技术分析与探讨

对空气钻转为泥浆钻的气液转化技术进行优化配方,为提高上部地层钻进速度找到了一条切实可行的成功之路。实践表明:(1)气液转化技术应从化学因素和钻井工艺因素入手,除选择高效钻井液体系、合理的钻井液密度外,还应采用封堵固壁技术,封固地层微裂隙,提高地层整体强度,达到稳定井壁的目的,并且稳定井壁必须采取多专业多学科共同治理才有成效。(2)建南地区巴东组以上地层相对稳定,适合空气钻井作业,如果配合使用空气锤,速度提高幅度会更大(在普光106井的气体钻井由于使用了空气锤,机械钻速达到10m/h以上)。     

Tool materials influence on surface roughness and oversize in machining glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFR-PP) composites

Glass fiber reinforced Polypropylene (GFR-PP) is used in manufacturing industries like bicycles, auto bodies, aircraft, and civil applications due to superior properties. Machining of fiber-reinforced plastics is problematic especially when drilling due to their inherent in-homogeneity, anisotropy and limited plastic deformation. Drilling is often required to facilitate the assembly of the parts to get the final products. Surface quality in drilled composites is an essential design characteristic in many situations, such as accurate fits, aesthetic requirements, etc. The present work deals with detailed investigation on the influence of tool materials and machining parameters during drilling of GFR-PP composite material. The study mainly focused on machined surface quality such as surface roughness of the drilled hole and dimensional inaccuracies such as oversize of the hole. The better dimensional and surface quality of drilled hole is observed from solid carbide drill with a spindle speed of 2500?rpm and a feed rate of 0.05?mm/rev. Regression model is developed using experimental data for estimating the surface roughness and oversize. The developed model has high R-sq value which shows the strong relationship between the model and the response variables. The effect of drilling process parameters and associated interactions are discussed in detail.     

Fractal coupled theory of drilling and wear

Drilling perforations and tool wear are intimately and mutually connected by fracture propagations at different size-scales. To study this interaction phenomenon, we propose an ad hoc developed fractal coupled theory. Describing the two processes in terms of drilling and wear velocities, the theory is able to predict the relation between these two quantities. The result is represented by a power law between wear and drilling velocities with exponent comprised between 2/3 and 3/2. Some experimental tests on different materials like mortar, concrete and reinforced concrete have also been performed. Theoretical predictions and experimental results agree satisfactorily.     

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绝大多数的钻具失效都是疲劳引起的,而交变应力集中是疲劳破坏的一个关键因素,因此定量分析研究钻具在井下所随的应力水平及其分布规律,是研究钻具疲劳失效的的一项重要内容,文章以固体力学有限元理论为基础,建立了带扶正器下部钻具组合在弯曲井眼或斜直井眼中的有限元力学模型。求解并得到了下部钻具组合的应力场,揭示了扶正器附近是应力集中区,而远离扶正器的两跨之间应力水平相对较低的应力分布规律。现场的资料分析地表明,正是扶正器或配合接头这些高应力水平的部位是最容易失效的部位;从钻具的结构上看,钻具连接螺纹正处在这些最大应力集中区,这是连接螺纹疲劳失效的根本原因,扶正器或配合接头的失效多发生在连接螺纹部位,文章的研究结果揭示了下部钻具组合失效的力学机理。     

川深1井钻井液关键技术

川深1井是中石化部署在川东北地区的一口超深预探井,完钻井深为8420.00 m。该井面临着井温高、地层条件复杂、地质资料少及井壁易失稳等诸多技术难点。针对高密度钻井液技术难点,通过室内实验优选出抗高温处理剂:2% SPNH、2% SMP-3、0.5% SMPFL（DSP-1）、3% SMT（SMS-H）、3% RHJ-3、1% HPA、3%纳米SiO₂。通过钻井液体系正交实验得出了流变性好、抑制性强、抗温性强、沉降稳定性好、抗污染能力强的高密度聚磺钻井液,并在该井四开井段取得了成功应用。最后,对现场应用过程中的钻井液关键技术进行了系统的阐述,如气液转换技术、特殊地层处理方法、钻井液的现场维护技术措施及保护油气层技术等,主要取得以下认识:①加重时循环混入低黏度切力的高密度钻井液,逐步降低膨润土含量;②通过固控设备严格控制固相含量;③钻遇盐膏层时可提高钻井液密度,并严格控制滤失量,保证钻井液pH值不低于10;④酸性地层可适量提高Cl-含量对钻井液进行预处理提高其抗盐性能;⑤破碎地层须提高钻井液密度并加入相应处理剂,从力化耦合角度防止井壁失稳;⑥易漏地层应严格控制钻井液密度,适当减少排量及提高黏度和切力,可加入不同粒径可酸化的封堵材料,进行屏蔽暂堵。