Natural Methods of Interaction Or Natural Interaction in the Everyday Digital World

Computers, mobiles and automatised machines are so omnipresent that the means by which we interact with digital devices is now generally regarded as a given. Italian practice iO Agency, though, questions our use of mechanised interfaces and the language that they require us to learn. Valentina Croci explains how iO Agency has developed more natural ways for people to interact with digital environments through physical or tactile ‘triggers’. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Techno-economic evaluation of thermo-chemical biomass-to-ethanol

Bio-ethanol has received considerable attention as a basic chemical and fuel additive. Bio-ethanol is presently produced from sugar/starch materials, but can also be produced from lignocellulosic biomass via hydrolysis-fermentation route or thermo-chemical route. In terms of thermo-chemical route, a few pilot plants ranging from 0.3 to 67 MW have been built and operated for alcohols synthesis. However, commercial success has not been found. In order to realize cost-competitive commercial ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass through thermo-chemical pathway, a techno-economic analysis needs to be done. In this paper, a thermo-chemical process is designed, simulated and optimized mainly with ASPEN Plus. The techno-economic assessment is made in terms of ethanol yield, synthesis selectivity, carbon and CO conversion efficiencies, and ethanol production cost. Calculated results show that major contributions to the production cost are from biomass feedstock and syngas cleaning. A biomass-to-ethanol plant should be built around 200 MW. Cost-competitive ethanol production can be realized with efficient equipments, optimized operation, cost-effective syngas cleaning technology, inexpensive raw material with low pretreatment cost, high performance catalysts, off-gas and methanol recycling, optimal systematic configuration and heat integration, and high value byproduct.     

重庆夜景灯饰对社会经济发展作用研究

重庆夜景在国内外享有一定声誉,是重庆的城市名片和旅游品牌,大量的调查显示：重庆夜景建设带动了旅游、餐饮娱乐等相关行业的发展,极大地提升了重庆城市形象和品位,改善了投资环境,丰富了市民生活,极大促进了重庆的社会经济发展。     

印度保障能源安全的举措及启示

印度在能源安全方面面临多重挑战,能源需求不断增长,对外依存度进一步扩大。印度通过能源外交,促进了能源多样化发展,开辟了稳定的海外石油供应渠道,增强了能源技术创新能力,保证了印度的能源安全和经济的持续稳定增长。     

当代重庆“一字诀”

本文以“一字诀”的组织形式例举近年来重庆的发展特征,希望能够大致勾勒出一个不只具有面孔还有性情的重庆轮廓.     

绿色经济与我国纺织产业国际竞争力的提升

阐述绿色经济与提升我国纺织产业国际竞争力之间的关系。分析了清洁生产投入对节能减排效果和产业国际竞争力的作用机理;以纺织业为实证对象,验证了清洁生产对纺织产业国际竞争力的作用。指出:以清洁生产为主的环境保护投资对产业国际竞争力的影响是积极的,发展绿色经济给提升传统纺织产业国际竞争力带来机遇。认为:实施清洁生产可以通过技术变革和治污减排两个作用机制提升我国纺织产业国际竞争力。     

上海某办公楼中全热回收转轮应用的技术经济性分析

从节能角度来看,排风热回收技术越来越受到重视。介绍了转轮式全热回收装置的结构和工作原理,并以上海某办公楼空调系统为例,计算出全年节省电费和初投资静态回收年限,得出结论：在上海这种空气湿度较大的地区,采用全热回收设备具有较大的节能效果。     

Thoughts on the development of low-carbon furniture standards system

The development of Low-carbon Economy has been widely recognized around the world.Building lowcarbon furniture standards system is an important content of furniture standardization, which is helpful to promote energy conservation, reduce the carbon footprint, and then prevent global warming.This paper analyzes status quo of furniture standards of China, states the importance of development of low-carbon furniture standards system, put forward some ideason development of the low-carbon furniture standards system through all links in the low-carbon furniture production.     

BC480/22/42支撑掩护式液压支架的改造

BC480/22/42支撑掩护式液压支架由于西山矿区工况条件发生变化,且使用时间长,已造成相当数量的结构件变形,影响了支架的整体稳定性,目前支架的状况已不能满足煤矿安全生产要求,全部报废会造成资源的极大浪费,通过对该支架进行改造,使整体性能超过原BC480/22/42支架,整机性能和ZZ5200/19.5/4支架性能相当,并能通用,结构简单、经济实用.既减少了资源的浪费,又解决了资金周转压力.     

耗差分析法在电站机组能耗分析中的应用

随着电力需求的增长、装机容量的增加和用电侧负荷峰谷差的增大,大型火电机组常处于低负荷工况下运行,提高机组的经济性、降低运行成本成为发电厂的迫切要求,节能也成为提高火电机组经济性的必要环节,减少机组煤耗是节能的一种重要方法。以300 MW火电机组为例,通过耗差分析方法,对机组的经济性进行评价,分析机组的经济指标参数对供电煤耗率的影响,给出了减少煤耗率的典型措施,以达到降低煤耗、提高机组经济性的目的。