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31.
ZnO-based varistor samples were prepared by the direct mixing of the constituent phases (DMCP) and sintering at 1100 °C for 2 h. The influence of the starting powder mixture's composition – the amounts of the pre-reacted varistor compounds and their composition – and its preparation, either with or without mechano-chemical activation (MCA), on the microstructure, phase composition and electrical characteristics of the varistor samples was studied. It showed that MCA improved the density and microstructural homogeneity of the varistor samples. MCA strongly affected the grain growth: it enhanced the nucleation of inversion boundaries (IBs) in the ZnO grains and the IBs-induced grain-growth mechanism resulted in uniform grain growth and hence a microstructure with smaller ZnO grains and a narrower grain size distribution. The final phase composition of the samples prepared by the DMCP method mainly depended on the presence of varistor dopants that can prevent the formation of the pyrochlore phase, especially Cr2O3, while MCA can affect it mostly by providing a homogeneous distribution of those dopants. The DMCP varistor samples prepared with MCA had much better current–voltage characteristics than the samples of the same composition prepared from unactivated powders. 相似文献
32.
Sun-Jung Kim Pyeong-Seok Cho Jong-Heun Lee Chong-Yun Kang Jin-Sang Kim Seok-Jin Yoon 《Ceramics International》2008,34(4):827-831
Various compositions of gas sensing films were prepared by the combinatorial deposition of SnO2, ZnO, and WO3 sol solutions and their gas sensing behaviors were investigated. The film composition could be manipulated conveniently via the alternate dropping of different oxide sol solutions. From the correlation between film compositions and gas sensitivities, the selective detection of C2H5OH and CH3COCH3 in the presence of CO, C3H8, H2, and NO2 could be attained. In addition, the discrimination between C2H5OH and CH3COCH3, which is a challenging issue due to their similar chemical nature, becomes possible. This research demonstrates the precise design of the sensor-material composition for the selective gas detection via the combinatorial approach. 相似文献
33.
Toshiharu Makino Hiromitsu Kato Sung-Gi Ri Yigang Chen Hideyo Okushi 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):1995
Electrical properties of homoepitaxial diamond p–n+ junction of boron (B)-doped p-type layer and phosphorus-doped n-type layer on Ib (111) diamond single crystal have been characterized. Current–voltage characteristics show a clear rectifying property with rectification ratio of over 105 at ± 10 V. From capacitance–voltage characteristics, it is found that a spatial distribution of space-charge density Ni of the p–n+ junction is not uniform and Ni at a middle region of the space-charge layer formed at zero bias voltage is higher than that of other region of the space-charge layer. This peculiar characteristic can be explained by superposition of two effects; one is the deep dopant effect due to B atoms in the p-type layer, which makes to reduce Ni at around the edge of the space-charge layer formed at zero bias voltage. The other is the compensation of B acceptors by impurity atoms diffusing during the p–n+ interface and incorporating during the growth of p-type layer, which makes to reduce Ni at the vicinity of the p–n+ interface. 相似文献
34.
Masahiko Ogura Norikazu Mizuochi Satoshi Yamasaki Hideyo Okushi 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):2023
The deuterium (hydrogen) passivation effect on acceptors in boron-doped CVD homoepitaxial diamond was studied by electrical (Hall-effect) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements. Deuterium was incorporated into the samples using microwave (MW) deuterium plasma at 673 K for 2–24 h. We observed the progress of acceptor passivation with p-type conduction, which finally resulted in a highly resistive state. 相似文献
35.
In this paper, a sensor system, called a fuzzy pulse discriminator, is developed to classify various discharge pulses in electrical discharge machining (EDM). The fuzzy rules of the pulse discriminator are obtained based on the features of the gap voltage and gap current between the tool workpiece. The membership functions of the fuzzy pulse discriminator are automatically synthesized by using genetic algorithms. The effectiveness of this approach is verified under different cutting parameters. 相似文献
36.
Mgidi Donald Dlamini 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1996,43(4):353
In this paper results on surface photovoltage (SPV) and electron beam induced conductivity (EBIC) studies of edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) and floating zone (FZ) silicon solar cell materials (both p-type) are presented. A systematic comparison based on minority carrier diffusion length and carrier recombination is made between: (i) samples contaminated with Ti and/or Fe, (ii) samples gettered by phosphorous diffusion, and (iii) as-received samples. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, together with the iron-boron (FeB) pairing kinetics [1] have successfully been used to detect the presence of Fe in the samples. Even though this process is effective in revealing Fe impurities in p-type FZ silicon it is evidently not suitable for Fe identification in p-type EFG silicon. Ti, like Fe, is found to be a prominent lifetime-limiting metallic impurity in both EFG and FZ silicon. Phosphorous diffusion is proven to be an effective external gettering technique for fast-diffusing impurities such as Fe, but not for Ti. 相似文献
37.
Makikazu Takehana Tomomichi Nishino Katsuyasu Sugawara Takuo Sugawara 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1996,13(5):538-543
Cobalt-, praseodymium-added zinc oxide varistor was prepared through a wet chemical method followed by sintering with or without
calcination. Changes in grain size, compact density, additives distribution, and voltagecurrent/ capacitance-voltage relations
were investigated for the characterization of the samples sintered at temperatures from 1473 to 1573 K without calcination
or with calcination at 773 K for 2 h. The electrical properties were compared with nhose of samples prepared by two types
of ball mill methods. The wet chemical method provided almost the same additives-distribution profile and less impurities
in comparison with the ball grinding method carried out for 10–100 h. The donor concentration and the potential-barrier height
for the samples were evaluated by Double Schottky Barrier Model. Addition of small amount of both cobalt and praseodymium
in preparation by the wet chemical method was effective for a better nonlinearity relation between voltage and current, which
has potential for a smaller sized varistor. 相似文献
38.
Bai-Huan Xu Dong-Ya Sun Cong Ding Xue-Zhong Liu Zi-Jing Xiao 《Materials Research Bulletin》2007,42(9):1633-1639
Layered nanocomposite PEG/WS2, intercalating oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG6000) into the tungsten disulfide host galleries, was synthesized using the exfoliation-adsorption technique. X-ray diffraction revealed that the intercalated oligomer within the host galleries is in a double-layer arrangement with an interlayer expansion of about 8.8 Å. The optimum conditions were explored to prepare the single-phase product with a composition of Li0.12(PEG)1.51WS2. Thermal analyses suggested that the resulting material shows good thermal stability, with the decomposition of the interacted oligomeric chains within the disulfide galleries occurring at around 258 °C. Despite high conductivity of the host material, those of the PEG/WS2 nanocomposite were found to be high in the order of 1 × 10−2 S cm−1 at ambient temperature, resulted from the host guest-host charge transfers. 相似文献
39.
Z. Gruba? 《Materials Letters》2007,61(3):794-798
The initial stage of copper electrodeposition on the electrochemically activated assembly of carbon microelectrodes from an acid solution of copper sulfate was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic pulse technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of the experimental current transients has been carried out using a non-linear fitting procedure according to the model that takes into account spherical diffusion towards a disc-shaped microelectrode. The higher values of diffusion coefficient in comparison with those observed on planar electrodes were explained with an increased diffusion caused by the electrode geometry. Impedance spectra showed two time constants, the high-frequency related to the charge transfer process and the low-frequency corresponded to the deposit morphology. 相似文献
40.
本文介绍了南钢中板厂将系统工程最优化技术中的随机服务系统理论和可靠性设计方法引入到电气设备的维护和管理工作中,并结合现场实际情况摸索出一套电气设备可靠性保障方法。 相似文献