Providing practitioners with techniques for cognitive work analysis

Contributing to the advancement of cognitive ergonomics, both as a scientific discipline and as a field of professional activity, is a major challenge for the future of ergonomics. It is to advance this objective that I want to make my contribution: while cognitive ergonomics has undoubtedly become established as a scientific discipline, it is still only applied in an approximate fashion by consultant ergonomists in their day-to-day work of analysing and improving socio-technical systems. The cognitive analysis of work is still too close to a research activity rather than a practice. Beyond the protected frontiers of university laboratories and research departments of large corporations, cognitive engineering often draws more on intuition derived from operators' cognitive activities than from the results of rigorous methodological approaches. This hampers the expansion of cognitive ergonomics as a vehicle for transforming socio-technical systems. Developing practical means of applying cognitive ergonomics within the context of operation on the ground is, thus, a challenge to be met, if this scientific discipline is to contribute fully to the improvement of working systems on a daily basis.     

坑道口部内爆炸冲击波传播速度规律的数值分析

准确计算坑道口部内爆炸条件下冲击波传播速度的变化,是确定坑道内主动消波设备时间响应指标的关键。为此,基于AutoDyn进行5种不同工况的坑道内爆炸计算。采用量纲分析构建了冲击波传播速度的工程模型,通过对数值计算结果的拟合确定了模型的系数。与坑道化爆实验的实测值进行分析比较表明,所拟合的坑道内冲击波传播速度的经验模型最大误差为15%,作为一种工程方法而言具有较强适用性。     

Engineering design optimization using species-conserving genetic algorithms

The species conservation technique described here, in which the population of a genetic algorithm is divided into several groups according to their similarity, is inspired by ecology. Each group with similar characteristics is called a species and is centred on a dominating individual, called the species seed. A genetic algorithm based on this species conservation technique, called the species-conserving genetic algorithm (SCGA), was established and has been proved to be effective in finding multiple solutions of multimodal optimization problems. In this article, the SCGA is used to solve engineering design optimization problems. Different distance measures (measures of similarity) are investigated to analyse the performance of the SCGA. It is shown that the Euclidean distance is not the only possible basis for defining a species and sometimes may not make sense in engineering applications. Two structural design problems are used to demonstrate how the choice of a meaningful measure of similarity will help the exploration for significant designs.     

Optimization of process parameters for ultrasonic drilling of advanced engineering ceramics using the Taguchi approach

The effect of process parameters on the cutting ratio (ratio of material removal rate to tool wear rate) for ultrasonic drilling of alumina-based ceramics using silicon carbide abrasive was studied. The parameters considered were workpiece material, tool material, grit size of the abrasive, power rating, and slurry concentration. Taguchi’s optimization approach was used to obtain the optimal parameters. The significant parameters were identified and their effects on cutting ratio were studied. The results obtained were validated by conducting confirmation experiments.     

“化学工程与工艺专业”复合式应用型人才培养模式的研究

本文探讨了新时期“化学工程与工艺专业”培养目标,根据科技发展与市场就业需求确定我院复合式、应用型人才培养方案,并进行相应的课程体系设置;提出毕业环节新的复合循环模式“实验→设计→产品→市场→论文→答辩”,力求培养具有化工专业知识、能适应市场竞争的国际化经营人才、国际商务谈判人才、化工产品开发、应用与化工信息管理的复合实用型人才。     

化工原理实验双语教学的实践与思考

本文总结了化工原理实验双语教学的经验：采用自编教材,明确教学目标,灵活运用多种教学方法。对双语教学中教材、师资、教学方法与手段及考核等问题进行了思考,提出了相应的解决措施。     

在金工实习中进行创新教育的初探

阐述工程素质和创新精神是工科大学生应具备的最重要素质,结合南华大学工程训练中心的教学实践,介绍了提高大学生创新素质的一些具体教学改革方案和教学过程,进而达到发挥学生的潜能,培养学生创新能力的目的.     

承德市^ezFAS消防远程监控系统的建设和运营经验

本文总结了承德市城市消防远程监控系统从立项、产品造型、建设实际运营过程中遇到的各种问题和经验,并对运营使用中的^ezFAS消防联网系统产品做了介绍和评价。     

基于SolidWorks国标模板的定制

针对利用SolidWorks软件机械制图习惯、标准与我国机械制图有较大差异的问题,给出了符合国标的实用模板的定制方法,详细介绍了零件模板、装配体模板、工程图模板、ToolBox和明细栏的定制方法,并通过实例将定制模板应用到工程制图,并验证了该方法的有效性。     

工程陶瓷材料电火花线切割加工的机理研究

针对如何提高工程陶瓷材料加工质量这一问题,对碳化硼工程陶瓷进行了电火花线切割加工的试验研究.介绍了工程陶瓷材料的电火花放电加工原理,通过对碳化硼工程陶瓷进行的电火花线切割加工工艺试验,探讨了电参数对工程陶瓷电火花线切割加工表面质量的影响规律.该研究对进一步深化电火花加工技术的基础理论,促进该技术在实际生产中的推广应用具有重要意义.