厦门技师学院建筑中水的应用研究分析

本文是以完成设计并已竣工使用的厦门技师学院的中水回用系统为实例,用节能减排绿色环保的理念在校区的规划设计和水资源的回用中,寻求一种完善的可行的非传统性水资源回用的途径。     

Investigating the chlorination of acidic pharmaceuticals and by-product formation aided by an experimental design methodology

The degradation of seven acidic drugs and two metabolites during chlorination was investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A triple-quadrupole (QqQ) system was used to follow the time course of the pharmaceuticals and by-products, while a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) system was also used for the identification of the by-products. Under strong chlorination conditions (10 mg/L Cl₂, 24 h), only four of the target compounds were significantly degraded: salicylic acid, naproxen, diclofenac and indomethacine. The degradation kinetics of these four compounds were investigated at different concentrations of chlorine, bromide and pH by means of a Box-Behnken experimental design. Depending on these factors, measured pseudo-first order half-lives were in the ranges: 23-573 h for salicylic acid, 13-446 min for naproxen, 5-328 min for diclofenac and 0.4-13.4 min for indomethacine. Also, it was observed that chlorine concentration was the overall most significant factor, followed by the bromide concentration (except for indomethacine), resulting in increased degradation kinetics as they are increased. The degradation path of salicylic acid, naproxen and diclofenac consisted of aromatic substitution of one or two hydrogens by chlorine and/or bromide. Moreover, for diclofenac, two other by-products corresponding to a decarboxylation/hydroxylation pathway from the monohalogenated products were also identified. On the other hand, indomethacine degradation did not lead to halogenation products but to oxidation ones. The investigation of these by-products in real samples by LC-MS/MS (QqQ) showed that the halogenated derivates of salicylic acid occurred in all the drinking water and wastewater samples analysed.     

Experimental Verification of Doppler Effect with the Refraction Method

The traditional methad of measuring Dopplr Effect is either reflection or dispersion.This article clarifies that it can also verify the Doppler Effect with the refraction method.We have designed the experimental system with the method of optical heterodyne,using the refraction light beam from a prism,and made the experiment.The experimental results are in accordance with the theoreticai calculation.It is very useful in some particular case,such as in Negative-Index Materials(NIM),to verify the Doppler Effect with this method.     

迭加原理的错误及纠正—评PN结光生伏特效应

本文纠正了“迭加原理”的错误,建立了新的光伏理论。     

航天发射场推进剂环境污染治理技术研究

环境保护和污染控制是建设生态型发射场的重要组成部分.分析了中国航天发射场的环境污染,针对推进剂四氧化二氮泄漏提出了采用钙基高活性粉剂处理技术,介绍了研制的系列处理装置,提出了臭氧-紫外光-活性炭联合工艺处理推进剂废水和高温燃烧处理推进剂废气废液技术,研制了移动式处理装置,解决了常规液体推进剂的发射环境污染难题,为航天发...     

Environmental effects on the electrical behavior of pentacene thin-film transistors with a poly(methyl methacrylate) gate insulator

The electrical properties of top-contact pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gate dielectric were analyzed in air and vacuum environments. Compared to the vacuum case, the pentacene TFT in air exhibited lower drain currents and more pronounced shifts in the threshold voltage upon reversal of the gate voltage sweep direction, together with a decrease in the field-effect mobility. These characteristic variations were explained in terms of two distinctive actions of polar H₂O molecules in pentacene TFT. H₂O molecules were suggested to diffuse under the source and drain contacts and interrupt the charge injection into the pentacene film, whereas those that permeate at the pentacene/PMMA interface retard hole depletion in and around the TFT channel. The diffusion process was much slower than the permeation process. The degraded TFT characteristics in air could be recovered mostly by storing the device under vacuum, which suggests that the air instability of TFTs is due mainly to the physical adsorption of H₂O molecules within the pentacene film.     

Impact of power electronics packaging on the reliability of grid connected photovoltaic converters for outdoor applications

This paper deals with thermal and reliability aspects of converters for grid connected photovoltaic applications (rate power approximately 100 W) which can be integrated into solar modules. The use of these Module Integrated Converters (MIC) promises a reduction of costs due to mass production. It improves behaviour of the whole photovoltaic system, as there is no voltage mismatch caused by shading effects. The electronic components of the MIC are exposed to extreme environmental conditions. Lifetime limiting factors are described. Methods to increase the lifetime of the most crucial components in the MIC, electrolytic capacitors, are described. The presented 1st generation Low Profile MIC with “optimised design” is capable of running in very high ambient temperatures. This design maximises availability of the photovoltaic system, which consequently leads to a cost reduction of the electrical energy delivered to the grid. Different realisations of how to integrate the designed Low Profile MIC into the solar module are discussed. A detailed thermal simulation is used to optimise the MIC design according to temperature and reliability issues. The models used for thermal simulation are described.     

Formation Technologies of Fiber Bragg Gratings

The principle of fiber Bragg gratings(FBG)is briefly described.The formation technologies of FBG are systematically given and analyzed.In addition,the experiment is described in detail,e.g.,the phase mask method is used to write directly the period Bragg gratings into the Ge-doped single mode fiber with KrF excimer UV laser.The results of experiment are also presented and analyzed.     

基于GAN实现环境声音分类的组合对抗防御

虽然深度神经网络可以有效改善环境声音分类(ESC)性能,但对对抗样本攻击依然具有脆弱性。已有对抗防御方法通常只对特定攻击有效,无法适应白盒、黑盒等不同攻击场景。为提高ESC模型在各种场景下对各种攻击的防御能力,该文提出一种结合对抗检测、对抗训练和判别性特征学习的ESC组合对抗防御方法。该方法使用对抗样本检测器(AED)对输入ESC模型的样本进行检测,基于生成对抗网络(GAN)同时对AED和ESC模型进行对抗训练,其中,AED作为GAN的判别器使用。同时,该方法将判别性损失函数引入ESC模型的对抗训练中,以驱使模型学习到的样本特征类内更加紧凑、类间更加远离,进一步提升模型的对抗鲁棒性。在两个典型ESC数据集,以及白盒、自适应白盒、黑盒攻击设置下,针对多种模型开展了防御对比实验。实验结果表明,该方法基于GAN实现多种防御方法的组合,可以有效提升ESC模型防御对抗样本攻击的能力,对应的ESC准确率比其他方法对应的ESC准确率提升超过10%。同时,实验验证了所提方法的有效性不是由混淆梯度引起的。