环境污染评判模型在金属矿山中的应用

金属矿山开采所产生的噪声、有毒气体、重金属污染等,对矿区环境有很大的影响和破坏作用,有效地对这些污染进行预测评估才能便于选取最优化的防治措施,针对这一问题,运用关联度确定影响污染之间的关系,并采用多层次综合模糊评判模型对金属矿山开采所带来的环境进行综合评估预测,以此来确定影响危险级别,将模型应用于实际金属矿山环境污染,取得了与实际情况较为吻合的预测效果。     

Antioxidant enzyme status in Azolla microphylla in relation to salinity and possibilities of environmental monitoring

The rice field biofertilizer Azolla microphylla was subjected to salinity treatment (EC 4.70 and 8.72 ds/m) and growth, nitrogen fixation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase were studied. Salinity exposure resulted in decreased growth rate and nitrogen fixation by the organism. Further a positive correlation between the peroxide content, and antioxidant enzyme activity in relation to the level of salinity was also observed. From the results we conclude that the observed changes in the antioxidant enzyme profile of A. microphylla could be effectively used to bio-monitor the toxic effect due to salinity. An increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes could be therefore exploited further to develop biosensors to detect harmful free radicals and the extent of cell damage in the cells.     

Environmental management of the design process. Managing multidisciplinary design: the role of environmental consultancy

Complexity and multi-disciplinary represent the challenge that the design and construction of sustainable buildings have to face. The nature and quantity of information needed are further considerations which lead to re-thinking the whole design process. The architect alone cannot have all the skills required, so he/she should be able to rely on other specialized professionals. In some European countries, environmental consultancy—which deals with ecology matters—is becoming more and more crucial for the design of a successful building. Taking into account two British consultancy companies—investigated as case studies—this paper looks at the way the design process related to complex projects is managed, and at the effects on the architectural sector.     

Comparative Assessment of Bromate Control Options

Various bromate control options were assessed through an intensive pilot testing program, performed with a four-cell bubble contactor, and focused on intermediate ozonation of conventionally-treated sand-filtered water. Both acid addition and ammonia addition independently provided good bromate reduction, with their combinational addition providing no further reduction. On a CT basis, the use of a static mixer did not increase bromate formation, while staged ozonation enhanced bromate formation over single stage application.     

石油化工安全技术与环境风险评价

以上海石化65万t乙烯工程为例,对石油化工安全技术环境风险评价中的应用进行了初步的探讨,并提出了环境风险评价目前存在的一些有待解决的问题。     

Trace level determination of molybdenum in environmental and biological samples using surfactant-mediated liquid-liquid extraction

A novel and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum at trace levels in environmental and biological samples is proposed. The method is based on the reaction of Mo (V) with thiocyanate (SCN(-)) and methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride (MTOAC) in acidic medium. The red colored complex of molybdenum is extracted with N-phenylbenzimidoyl thiourea (PBITU) in 1-pentanol for its determination by spectrophotometry. The sensitivity of the present method is higher than other conventional thiocyanate method, due to the use of MTOAC in liquid-liquid extraction. The value of molar absorptivity of the complex with respect to molybdenum is 7.6x10(4)Lmol(-1)cm(-1) at 470nm. The limit of detection of the metal is 5ngmL(-1). The system obeys Beer's law between 20 and 1000ngmL(-1) with slope, intercept and correlation coefficient values of 0.81, 2.5x10(-3) and +0.999, respectively. Most of the metal ions tested did not interfere in the determination of molybdenum. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of the molybdenum in environmental and biological samples.     

Sauerbruch Hutton

The bold curves and bright colours in Sauerbruch Hutton's work belie the reasoned, empirical approach they bring to every project. That approach has helped them win numerous competitions, which led to major commissions almost as soon as they opened their office in 1989. Jayne Merkel explains how this apparently whimsical architecture grows out of a commitment to existing context, energy conservation and creating a strong sense of place. The sensual experience the buildings provide, inside and out, is always uppermost in the architects' minds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

压缩空气动力汽车的研究与发展

在对多种替代燃料汽车和电动汽车进行比较综述的基础上,介绍了压缩空气动力汽车的工作原理、结构特点和性能特性。从能量利用的角度分析了压缩空气动力汽车的效率问题和可行性,比较了压缩空气动力能源与电池能源、燃料能源的特性,并与目前最为看好的氢燃料电池电动汽车的多种特性进行了全面的对比。结合浙江大学所开展的初步研究工作,指出了压缩空气动力汽车项目需进行的主要研究内容,认为压缩空气动力汽车是一种真正“零污染”的、有广阔市场前景的新概念的“绿色汽车”。     

Building houses with local materials: means to drastically reduce the environmental impact of construction

This paper describes the process of materials selection, design and construction used for a series of small residential buildings in Southern France. Whenever possible, materials were resourced in situ in order to minimise the environmental impact of the new buildings. In particular, the process of materials selection, stone masonry with stabilised in situ soil mortar, and the form of construction are outlined. Guidance for a more generalised adoption of the design process is also provided. The energy consumed in the building of one house is compared to a typical concrete house. By adopting local materials the amount of energy used in building decreased by up to 215% and the impact of transportation by 453%. However, adoption of local materials in developed countries can be hindered by the loss of traditional building crafts and a lack of appropriate building standards. These problems are also discussed in this paper.     

非枝晶铝合金(A356)半固态感应加热模式及控制模型

以感应加热原理、“集肤”效应、“电磁尾端”效应和坯料表面能量损失为基础,来探讨坯料温度分布不均匀的主要 原因;利用分析软件ANSYS和实验手段模拟二次加热模式,并以电动势传感器为例介绍二次加热的控制模型。