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51.
The specific heat at constant pressure, C
p, of aluminum measured by Ditmars, Plint, and Shukla has been reduced to the volume V
0 appropriate for 0 K employing the Murnaghan equation. The C
v0 thus obtained is compared with the theoretical C
v0 calculated in the harmonic and the lowest-order anharmonic approximation from three different pseudopotentials (Harrison, Ashcroft, and Dagens-Rasolt-Taylor) as well as a phenomenological Morse potential. The higher-order (
4) anharmonic contributions are calculated from the same nearest-neighbor Morse potential as in the lowest-order anharmonic theory. The role of the vacancy and the higher-order anharmonic contributions to C
v0 has been examined and we conclude that the
4 contributions to C
v0 are much smaller than the vacancy contribution. After removal of the vacancy contribution, the reduced C
v0 is found to be in excellent agreement with the Ashcroft and Harrison pseudopotentials as well as the Morse potential including the
2 and
4 contributions to C
v0. 相似文献
52.
53.
Effect of additives on formation of natural gas hydrate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The formation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) is studied in this work. Kinetics data of hydrate formation with no agitation were collected at various concentrations of the aqueous solutions with different additives such as alkylpolyglucside, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and potassium oxalate monohydrate. Various kinds of additive increased the formation rates of NGH and its storage capacity and reduced the induction time of NGH formation. Moreover, the storage capacity, the induction time and the hydrate formation rate were influenced by the concentration of the aqueous solution. 相似文献
54.
55.
全国48家化肥催化剂制造厂总能力为57Kt/a,产量近30kt/a,设备利用率不到50%。平均万吨氨耗催化剂10.36t,高于国外5.60t水平。现生产31个品种203个型号的催化剂中有103种经部级鉴定,但经常使用的约50种。目前化肥催化剂工业水平与国外相比还存在四方面差距。 相似文献
56.
《Journal of Process Control》2014,24(3):203-222
In this paper, a fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy using virtual actuators and sensors for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems is proposed. The main idea of this FTC method, initially developed for LTI systems, is to reconfigure the control loop such that the nominal controller could still be used without need of retuning it. The plant with the faulty actuator/sensor is modified adding the virtual actuator/sensor block that masks the actuator/sensor fault. The suggested technique is an active FTC strategy that reconfigures the virtual actuator/sensor on-line taking into account faults and operating point changes. The stability of the reconfigured control loop is guaranteed if the faulty plant is stabilizable/detectable. The LPV virtual actuator/sensor is designed using polytopic LPV techniques and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A two-tank system simulator is used to assess the performance of the proposed method. In particular, it is shown that the application of the proposed technique results in an improvement, in terms of performance, with respect to the LTI counterpart. 相似文献
57.
58.
59.
本文首次将统计热力学的Weeks-Chandler-Anderson(简称WCA)微扰理论应用于非极性液体定容比热容和定压比热容的推算,用一些液体的p-v-T实验数据拟合了理论中所用LJ势能函数的势能参数,并提出一个通用关联式。本文方法具有通用性,在编制的计算程序中只需输入物质的临界温度、临界比容、偏心因子等就能算出相应的比热容,工程应用十分方便。 相似文献
60.
Heat capacities at constant pressure, Cp, and at constant volume Cv, were calculated with the help of normal mode frequency spectra and compared to experimental data for crystalline or semicrystalline polyethylene, poly(vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), polytrifluooroethylene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene). A calculation scheme using a Tarasov function for 2N skeletal vibrational modes and an approximation of the residual 7N normal modes from known data on polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene is developed for all homologous, linear fluoropolymers. N is the number of carbon backbone atoms of the repeating unit. Calculations can be carried out over the whole temperature range 0 K to melting. For the two theta temperatures and the constant A0 used for Cv to Cp conversion, fluorine-concentration dependent curves are given. The relations are expected to hold also for copolymers and blends of intermediate fluorine contents. Recommended experimental (data bank) heat capacities agree to ±2.5% with the calculations. 相似文献