在四氯化碳中合成邻硝基对甲基苯胺的研究

以对甲基苯胺为母体，合成了邻硝基对甲苯胺，产品收率在85％以上，在乙酰化，硝化反应中引入了四氯化碳溶剂，2最佳原料配比为对甲基苯胺；醋酐：硫酸＝1：1．30：1．13。改进后，每mol母体的醋酐用量由3．10mol减少至1．30mol，浓硫酸用量由3．17mol减少至1．13mol，溶剂回收率在95％以上。     

Synthesis of novel functional polyolefin containing carboxylic acid via Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction

The strong polar group, carboxylic acid, has triumphantly been introduced into ethylene and allylbenzene copolymers without obvious degradation or crosslinking via Friedel-Crafts (F-C) acylation reaction with glutaric anhydride (GA), succinic anhydride (SA) and phthalic anhydride (PA) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride in carbon disulfide. Some important reaction parameters were examined in order to optimize the acylation process. In the optimum reaction conditions, almost all of the phenyls can be acylated with any anhydride. The microstructure of acylated copolymer was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹H-¹H COSY. All the peaks of acylated copolymers can be accurately attributed, which indicates that all the acylation reactions occur only at the para-positions of the substituent of the aromatic rings. The thermal behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing that the melting temperatures (T_ms) of acylated copolymers with GA firstly decrease slowly and then increase significantly with the increase of the amount of carboxyl acid groups.     

中孔分子筛Zr-Mo-MCM-41催化2-甲氧基萘傅-克酰基化反应

采用水热合成法制得Mo MCM 41 ,以Zr(SO4) 2 为Zr源 ,制备中孔分子筛Zr Mo MCM 41。采用XRD、FT IR及Hammett指示剂法对其结构及酸强度进行表征。将其用于催化 2 甲氧基萘与乙酸酐的傅 克酰基化反应 ,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、酰化剂用量、反应时间等因素对该反应转化率及选择性的影响 ,得到了较适宜的工艺条件 :2 甲氧基萘 3.95g ,Zr Mo MCM 41 1 .5g ,2 甲氧基萘与乙酸酐摩尔比为 1∶8,反应温度 1 2 0℃ ,反应时间 2 4h ,2 甲氧基萘的转化率可达 80 % ,催化剂对 1 乙酰基 2 甲氧基萘的选择性可达 95 %。此外还考察了催化剂的重复使用情况。     

液晶中间体对溴正戊苯的合成

以溴苯、正戊酰氯和水合肼为原料 ,经Friedel Crafts酰基化反应和Wolff Kishn er 黄鸣龙还原反应合成对溴正戊苯。研究表明 ,酰基化反应较佳的条件是 ,n(正戊酰氯 )∶n(溴苯 )∶n(三氯化铝 ) =1∶2∶1 4,反应温度 30～ 35℃ ,反应时间 5h ;还原反应较佳的条件是 :n(对溴苯戊酮 )∶n(水合肼 )∶n(氢氧化钾 ) =1∶1 1∶0 2 ,反应温度 1 80～ 1 90℃ ,反应时间 3h。产品总产率约为 40 % ,纯度为 99 3%     

EGCG升高cTnIR193H限制型心肌病模型小鼠未突变cTnI的表达水平

目的:研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）升高cTnIR193H限制型心肌病模型小鼠未突变cTnI的表达水平。方法:8周龄野生型C57小鼠及8周龄cTnIR193H限制型心肌病模型小鼠分别随机分为EGCG干预组、DMSO干预组以及未干预组。每周干预5 d,3个月后采集小鼠心脏组织。分别以Western blot与RT-PCR分别检测HDAC1、GATA4及cTnI 的mRNA表达水平。组蛋白H3K9乙酰化水平、cTnI基因启动子区域中的GATA4与HDAC1结合水平以ChIP-Q-PCR方式检测。结果:EGCG干预组未突变cTnI蛋白表达水平与mRNA表达水平、GATA4的mRNA表达水平、组蛋白H3K9乙酰化水平、cTnI启动子区域GATA4的结合水平均高于未干预组（P<0.05）。cTnI启动子区域HDAC1结合水平、HDAC1的mRNA表达水平均低于未干预组（P<0.05）。 结论:在EGCG干预R193H模型小鼠实验中,EGCG可抑制HDAC1的表达,抑制cTnI启动子区域HDAC1的结合,促进心脏核心转录因子GATA4的表达、组蛋白H3K9的乙酰化、及cTnI启动子区域GATA4的结合,上调心肌的未突变cTnI的表达水平。     

液晶材料中间体-4-(反式,反式-4-丙基双环己基)苯乙酮的合成

液晶材料目前的制备方法复杂,市场上成熟的原料合成路线基本没有。要制备性能优异的、使用广泛的液晶材料需要多步反应。以市场中常见的4-(反式,反式-4-丙基双环己基)苯为原料,经傅克酰基化反应得到目标产物。主要考察了4-(反式,反式-4-丙基双环己基)苯乙酮的合成条件,如酰基化反应溶剂、酰基化反应温度、酰基化反应时间及水解反应溶剂四个条件的影响,确定了合成反应的最佳条件。并采用红外光谱和核磁共振方法确证了目标产物。     

Deciphering the Effect of Lysine Acetylation on the Misfolding and Aggregation of Human Tau Fragment 171IPAKTPPAPK180 Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation and the Markov State Model

The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) with β-sheet-rich structure caused by abnormal aggregation of misfolded microtubule-associated protein Tau is a hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease. It has been reported that acetylation, especially K174 located in the proline-rich region, can largely promote Tau aggregation. So far, the mechanism of the abnormal acetylation of Tau that affects its misfolding and aggregation is still unclear. Therefore, revealing the effect of acetylation on Tau aggregation could help elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of tauopathies. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation combined with multiple computational analytical methods were performed to reveal the effect of K174 acetylation on the spontaneous aggregation of Tau peptide ¹⁷¹IPAKTPPAPK¹⁸⁰, and the dimerization mechanism as an early stage of the spontaneous aggregation was further specifically analyzed by Markov state model (MSM) analysis. The results showed that both the actual acetylation and the mutation mimicking the acetylated state at K174 induced the aggregation of the studied Tau fragment; however, the effect of actual acetylation on the aggregation was more pronounced. In addition, acetylated K174 plays a major contributing role in forming and stabilizing the antiparallel β-sheet dimer by forming several hydrogen bonds and side chain van der Waals interactions with residues I171, P172, A173 and T175 of the corresponding chain. In brief, this study uncovered the underlying mechanism of Tau peptide aggregation in response to the lysine K174 acetylation, which can deepen our understanding on the pathogenesis of tauopathies.     

秸秆醋酸纤维素的制备

农作物秸秆是自然界中数量极大的可再生资源,本研究以农作物秸秆为反应原料,采用无污染蒸汽爆破技术活化预处理,然后进行乙酰化反应,通过溶剂萃取分离并制备出高附加值的醋酸纤维素。实验结果表明：秸秆汽爆后明显增加了反应活性,制备醋酸纤维素的适宜条件是123℃,2 h,催化剂用量为7％,汽爆秸秆中性洗涤剂处理后的乙酰化结果效果最好,不同汽爆秸秆中小麦秸秆乙酰化效果最佳,优化实验条件下,秸秆醋酸纤维素聚合度均在120以上,取代度2.80以上,并且用红外图谱、1H NMR进行了表征。与目前工业上采用α-纤维素含量较高的高级浆为反应原料相比,不仅原料和预处理成本大大降低,而且工艺流程简单。     

三氯蔗糖中间体Trispa的合成研究

以蔗糖为起始原料,经三苯甲基化和乙酰化合成了三氯蔗糖中间体6,1',6'-三氧-三苯甲基-五乙酰基蔗糖(Trispa).考察了物料配比和反应温度对反应的影响,确定了以下较佳的反应条件:n(蔗糖)∶n(三苯基氯甲烷)∶n(醋酐)=1∶3.3∶10.5,在55～60℃下进行三苯甲基化反应3.5 h,在100～105℃下进行乙酰化反应3 h,此时最终产物收率达到67.5%、纯度为97.24%.     

α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮合成工艺研究进展

α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮（光引发剂184）是一种高效光引发剂,因其引发效率高、稳定性好、耐黄变等优势,在电子、涂料、印刷等领域得到广泛的应用。本文根据起始原料不同对α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的合成方法进行分类,并归纳了不同合成方法的特点。重点介绍了以环己基苯基甲酮为中间体的合成工艺以及其他合成α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的工艺路线。目前,工业上最常用的Friedel-Crafts酰基化法合成光引发剂184的工艺路线,因为产生的三废多且有毒有害,不符合绿色化工的要求,而将逐渐被淘汰。以格氏反应法合成环己基苯基甲酮继而再合成α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的工艺路线,因其收率高、污染少等优点而有望成为合成α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的重要发展方向之一。最后,指出了α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮合成工艺研究的趋势。