Effect of nanocellulose fibers and acetylated nanocellulose fibers on properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) foams

Cellulose nanofibers are promising materials in the development of polymeric foams, because they act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the growth of cells during foaming. In this research, we studied the incorporation of cellulose nanoparticles in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)‐EVA foams. The foams were produced with different fiber contents. We observed the effect of a chemical treatment by acetylation on the cellulose fibber, that is, we evaluated the use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cellulose nanofibers in EVA foams. The main results indicate that with the addition of only 1% of cellulose nanofibers, cell density significantly reduces when compared with the pure EVA foams. On the other hand, by increasing the cellulose content, the agglomeration of nanofibers also increases, which results in heterogeneous cell sizes. The same phenomenon was observed in the foams produced with acetylated cellulose nanofibers, regardless of the fiber content used. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44760.     

Friedel-Crafts arylmethylation: A simple approach to synthesize bipolar host materials for efficient electroluminescence

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Acetylation of faba bean legumin: conformational changes and aggregation

The effect of progressive acetylation upon the conformation of the 11S globulin legumin from faba bean has been studied using chemical analysis, UV, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, viscometry and analytical ultracentrifugation. The modification did not induce complete dissociation of the oligomeric protein. Only 30% of the protein was found to be a dissociated 3S subunit after excessive acetylation, whereas 70% was a dimeric legumin aggregate with a molecular mass of about 700 kDa. The aggregation of the highly modified legumin in high‐ionic‐strength buffer solution leads to soluble higher legumin oligomers. The acetylation resulted in a moderate molecular expansion of legumin due to a changed tertiary structure, whereas the far‐UV circular dichroism spectra did not provide definitive evidence of a decrease in domain‐stabilizing β‐sheet conformations in their secondary structure. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Hydroxylation of the Acetyltransferase NAA10 Trp38 Is Not an Enzyme-Switch in Human Cells

NAA10 is a major N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) that catalyzes the cotranslational N-terminal (Nt-) acetylation of 40% of the human proteome. Several reports of lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) activity by NAA10 exist, but others have not been able to find any NAA10-derived KAT activity, the latter of which is supported by structural studies. The KAT activity of NAA10 towards hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was recently found to depend on the hydroxylation at Trp38 of NAA10 by factor inhibiting HIF-1α (FIH). In contrast, we could not detect hydroxylation of Trp38 of NAA10 in several human cell lines and found no evidence that NAA10 interacts with or is regulated by FIH. Our data suggest that NAA10 Trp38 hydroxylation is not a switch in human cells and that it alters its catalytic activity from a NAT to a KAT.     

3-辛酰基吡咯的合成与表征

吡咯和对甲苯磺酰氯在金属钾的催化作用下合成N-甲苯磺酰基吡咯,它与辛酰氯在无水AlCl3催化下进行傅一克酰基化反应合成了,N-甲苯磺酰基-3-辛酰基吡咯(2)。在NaOH水溶液中,回流条件下,2进行碱式水解可得到目标产物。通过^1HNMR、IR及元素分析对产物的结构进行了表征。     

酶促乙酰化EGCG清除自由基及抗脂质过氧化活性研究

利用脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM在乙腈反应体系中催化表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)与乙酸乙烯酯进行乙酰化反应,得到EGCG乙酰化产物。通过液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)和红外光谱对乙酰化产物进行了确证,其产物为不同取代度的混合物。反应前后红外图谱对照表明,酰化后EGCG主体结构与EGCG类似,但增加了明显的羰基、甲基吸收峰。通过测定乙酰化EGCG对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基的清除能力,研究其体外抗氧化活性,结果表明乙酰化EGCG对O2-·、·OH、DPPH·均具有较强的清除能力,半抑制率(IC50)分别为0.52 mg/mL、0.43 mg/mL和11.5 mg/L。体外抗脂质过氧化实验表明当乙酰化EGCG浓度为320 mg/L时,对H2O2诱导大鼠肝线粒体丙二醛(MDA)生成的抑制率为61.11%,对H2O2诱导大鼠红细胞氧化溶血的抑制率达93.54%。乙酰化EGCG具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,其浓度与抗氧化活性呈现一定的量效关系。     

交联氧化乙酰化蜡质玉米淀粉性质的研究

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料、三偏磷酸钠为交联剂、次氯酸钠为氧化剂、醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂,采用湿法工艺制备交联氧化乙酰化复合变性淀粉,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)及红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析其淀粉颗粒的形貌及结构。结果显示:复合变性处理后的淀粉白度升高至97.2,糊透光率升高至71.0%,耐酸及抗剪切性能也有所改善。扫描电镜图表现了淀粉颗粒形貌的变化,红外光谱图中展现的各基团的特征吸收峰表明其分子结构发生了改变。蜡质玉米淀粉采用复合变性的处理手段,有益于增强其在食品加工领域的应用价值。     

Benzylation of thiophene using zinc and iron chloride modified montmorillinite clay

Montmorillinite clays, modified with either Zn(II) or Fe(III) chlorides have been used to catalyze the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of thiophene. High yields (ca. 80%) of 2- and 3-benzylthiophene mixtures were obtained using either catalyst in chlorobenzene or nitrobenzene solvent at 80°C. The ratio of 2–3-products was found to be controlled by their relative stability. Reactions were most rapid in nitrobenzene solution (<5 min) and resulted in formation of the 2-isomer as the only mono-substituted product. This is believed to be the first example in which an alkylation of thiophene has been limited to one regio-isomer.     

二烷基二茂铁乙酰化反应的研究

以三氯化铝作催化剂、乙酰氯为酰化剂,对６种二烷基二茂铁进行乙酰化,经柱层析分离得到１２种乙酰基二烷基二茂铁。通过元素分析、ＩＲ和＾１ＨＮＭＲ确证了化合物的结构。     

中孔分子筛Zr-Mo-MCM-41催化2-甲氧基萘傅-克酰基化反应

采用水热合成法制得Mo MCM 41 ,以Zr(SO4) 2 为Zr源 ,制备中孔分子筛Zr Mo MCM 41。采用XRD、FT IR及Hammett指示剂法对其结构及酸强度进行表征。将其用于催化 2 甲氧基萘与乙酸酐的傅 克酰基化反应 ,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、酰化剂用量、反应时间等因素对该反应转化率及选择性的影响 ,得到了较适宜的工艺条件 :2 甲氧基萘 3.95g ,Zr Mo MCM 41 1 .5g ,2 甲氧基萘与乙酸酐摩尔比为 1∶8,反应温度 1 2 0℃ ,反应时间 2 4h ,2 甲氧基萘的转化率可达 80 % ,催化剂对 1 乙酰基 2 甲氧基萘的选择性可达 95 %。此外还考察了催化剂的重复使用情况。