Predicting the Detonation Velocity of CHNO Explosives by a Simple Method

A simplified method is shown, based on a semi‐empirical procedure, to estimate the detonation velocities of CHNO explosives at various loading densities. It is assumed that the product composition consists almost of CO, CO₂, H₂O and N₂ for oxygen‐rich explosives. In addition solid carbon and H₂ are also counted for an oxygen‐lean explosive. The approximate detonation temperature, as a second needed parameter, can be calculated from the total heat capacity of the detonation products and the heat of formation of the explosive by PM3 procedure. The detonation velocities of some well‐known CHNO explosives, calculated by the simple procedure, fit well with measured detonation velocities and the results from the well‐established BKW‐EOS computer code.     

湖北宜昌九龙湾剖面震旦系陡山沱组盖帽碳酸盐岩微相研究

盖帽碳酸盐岩是沉积于新元古代冰碛岩之上的微晶碳酸盐岩沉积。在华南地区,以陡山沱组底部碳酸盐岩为代表。笔者通过对湖北宜昌九龙湾剖面震旦系陡山沱组盖帽碳酸盐岩微相研究,认为陡山沱组盖帽碳酸盐岩是稳定的灰泥球粒微晶灰岩经过后期不同程度的重结晶作用形成。原岩缺乏可靠的冷隶碳酸盐岩的微相特征,从碳酸盐岩微相角度上并不支持其甲烷渗漏成因,同时微相类型表明九龙湾剖面陡山沱组沉积是一种台地前斜坡沉积。     

高邮凹陷北斜坡中东部地区阜三段沉积相特征及油气分布关系

根据大量岩心分析资料、薄片鉴定资料及大量测井与录井资料为基础,对沉积特征进行了分析,并在此基础上,进行了单井相,剖面相和平面相分析,认为高邮凹陷北斜坡中东部地区阜三段主要为三角洲沉积体,主要发育有三角洲前缘和前三角洲两大亚相类型,并进一步划分为水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、席状砂、三角洲外前缘和前三角洲泥等6种微相类型。通过对沉积微相研究,揭示了不同沉积微相对储集岩物性具有重要控制作用,确定了沉积微相与油水分布的关系。结果表明,水下分流河道和河口坝泥质含量相对低,孔隙度较高,储集物性最好且平均日产油量最高,是油气的主要储集相带;远砂坝和席状砂较差,而三角洲外前缘几乎无产油能力。     

松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营成组火山岩岩相分析

本文通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井资料、三维地震资料的综合分析,对徐家围子断陷营成组火山岩岩相进行了细致的划分。本区主要发育熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉火山碎屑岩三大类火山岩,本区可以识别的火山岩相为4种岩相8种亚相,不同火山岩岩性岩相发育不同的储层,因此,研究火山岩岩性岩相对油气勘探有至关重要的意义。     

从前侏罗纪古地貌的角度论鄂尔多斯盆地靖边—鄂托克前旗地区油气成藏模式

以陕北斜坡靖边—鄂托克前旗地区下侏罗统延安组延9油藏为例,运用印模法恢复了前侏罗纪古地貌形态。研究表明:研究区古地貌主要为高地、斜坡、河谷和河间丘4种古地貌单元。在此基础上分析了富县组+延10段沉积相带展布以及前侏罗纪古地貌对延9油藏的控制作用,认为古地貌景观基本控制了富县组及延安组下部的沉积相带展布。古河谷的下切作用不仅使延9段与延长组油源层的接触距离缩短,而且为油气运移提供了良好的通道,如遇到有利的储集体与背斜和鼻隆等构造,即可有机配置和富集成藏。存在两种成藏模式,即河间丘区-分流河道组合式和斜坡区-分流河道组合式。指出前侏罗纪古地貌斜坡区与河间丘区是下一步延9段油藏勘探的有利地区。     

北大港东营组和沙河街组物源分析

在前人研究工作的基础上,本文采用相关碎屑岩特征统计分析及运用G azzi-D ick inson三角图解方法对北大港东营组和沙河街组进行了碎屑岩类统计及物源分析研究,统计分析结果表明,研究区有多物源特性,物源来源于陆块物源区与岩浆弧物源区交接部位。自北向南沉积物稳定性与成熟度也有所提高,因此研究区物源也受到北部燕山物源的影响。     

Formation of Pd nanoparticles in surfactant-mesoporous silica composites and surfactant solutions

Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles containing mesoporous silicas MCM-41 and MCM-48 were prepared by one-pot synthesis. The method consists of the simultaneous formation of CTA⁺ surfactant templating MCM-41 mesophase and CTA⁺ micelle-capped PdO, which was reduced by hydrogen to Pd metal with particle size ≈ 2 nm and was observed to stay inside the mesochannels of MCM-41 (pore size ≈ 3.8 nm) by TEM, XAS, and PXRD. During hydrothermal synthesis of Pd/MCM-48, Pd nanoparticles of average size ≈ 6–7 nm were deposited on the MCM-48 of pore size = 4 nm. The deposition is probably derived from ethanol reduction of Pd(II) complex generated from PdCl₂ precursor by hydrolysis of TEOS and C₁₂H₂₅(OCH₂CH₂)₄OH surfactant. The formation of Pd(0) from Pd(II) species in solid mesoporous silicas by hydrogen reduction was monitored by in situ XAS, and compared with the formation of Pd(0) from [PdCl₄]²⁻, [PdCl₃(H₂O)], and Pd(OH)₂ by sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant and alcohol reduction in aqueous solutions.     

Formation and dehydration enthalpy of gallosilicate zeolites

Gallosilicate zeolites Ga-NaSOD, Ga-NaFAU, Ga-NaNAT, Ga-KNAT* (a mixture of Ga-KNAT and Ga-KTNU-2), Ga-KLTL and Ga-KTNU-1 have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microprobe analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). Generally, the lattice parameters increase after Ga substitution for Al, except for Ga-KNAT*. The formation and dehydration enthalpies of these zeolites were measured by high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. Compared to the analogous aluminosilicate zeolite of similar Si/T ³⁺, the gallosilicate zeolite has similar dehydration enthalpy per mole of tetrahedra, but has less endothermic dehydration enthalpy per mole of water due to the larger number of H₂O molecules in the enlarged unit cell of the Ga zeolite. The dehydration enthalpy per mole of water is a monotonic function of framework density while that per mole of tetrahedra is mainly influenced by cation type. The gallosilicate zeolites have less exothermic formation enthalpies from oxide components than the analogous aluminosilicate zeolites, confirming their lower stability. The formation enthalpies of hydrated and dehydrated gallosilicate zeolites are correlated with Ga/(Ga + Si) ratio and framework density (FD).     

塌崖沟油区延长组长4+5、长6油层组高分辨率层序地层学研究

本文综合运用了地质、测井等资料,以现代沉积及岩相古地理学、高分辨率层序地层学、测井地质学及石油地质学为理论指导,通过测井-地质响应模型,对研究区进行了层序地层分析。在长4＋5,长6油层组中识别出三种短期沉积旋回,为后期油田开发和研究提供了一定依据。     

地层压力的预测方法综述

石油勘探阶段确定地层压力的方法很多,大体上可分为钻井前用地震资料预测地层压力、钻井过程中用随钻录井资料监测地层压力和钻井完成后用测井资料检测地层压力的方法等。对于保障钻井安全、提高钻探效率、降低钻井成本,以及及时采取对油气层的保护措施等都有十分重要的意义。本文对地层压力相关技术进行了归纳,对进行高精度地层压力预测的可行性做了进一步的阐述。