辽河东部地区梨树沟组页岩气富集条件及有利区优选

辽河东部地区中生界下白全统梨树沟组泥页岩地层厚度大,分布面积广,发育稳定;泥页岩有机碳质量分数高,热演化程度适中,干酪根类型主要为且型,生烃强度大,具备页岩气富集的基本条件;泥页岩孔隙类型以残余粒间孔、微孔及溶孔为主,孔渗性较好,石英、长石等脆性矿物质量分数高,有利于页岩气储集及后期的储层改造,具有与延长油田三叠系已发现的陆相页岩气相类似的地质和地化条件,页岩气富集潜力大。文中采用综合信息叠合法对该区下白全统梨树沟组页岩气富集有利区进行初步预侧,认为有利区主要沿营口一俘二堡断裂呈带状分布。     

PETROPHYSICS OF LOWER CRETACEOUS PLATFORM CARBONATE OUTCROPS IN PROVENCE (SE FRANCE): IMPLICATIONS FOR CARBONATE RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION

High resolution petrophysical analyses were carried out on Urgonian (Lower Cretaceous) carbonates from outcrops in Provence, SE France. Porosity and permeability were measured on 541 plug samples selected from grain‐supported carbonates analogous to those in the age‐equivalent Shu'aiba and Kharaib Formation reservoirs in the eastern Arabian Plate. The sampling strategy allowed property heterogeneities from centimetre to kilometre scales to be investigated, as well as correlations between porosity and permeability in several different reservoir rock types. Property spatial modelling sensitivity analyses were also undertaken. The relative abundance of microporosity, grain size and sedimentary‐diagenetic anisotropy were the main geological parameters which controlled the petrophysical characteristics of the grainstones studied. Increasing microporosity decreased permeability but resulted in an increase in the homogeneity of the reservoir rocks and therefore in their predictability. An increase in grain size, from fine sand to gravel, and in the amount of intergranular pores, enhanced permeability significantly but resulted in a decrease in the homogeneity (and therefore predictability) of the reservoir rock. At a plug scale, poro‐perm relationships are very good and can be used predictively for fine grainstones dominated by microporosity; but relationships are moderate to weak for coarse rudstones with mixed pore types, including intraskeletal pores. In grainstone units, weak sedimentary anisotropy, such as decametre‐scale cross‐bedding, did not prevent the prediction of the horizontal property distribution from vertical data over a few hundreds of metres. In these units, the lateral correlation of rock properties follows periodic variograms with a 7 m wavelength. The lateral distribution of properties in coarse‐grained and heterogeneous rudstones with complex pore types and intense sedimentary heterogeneities, such as channel structures, was however more difficult to predict from a vertical data set. Upscaling poroperm data from plug scale to reservoir scale is linear in the case of grainstones with intergranular microporosity, but is non‐linear in the case of skeletal rudstones with coarser pore types including skeletal porosity.     

Molecular insights into structural properties around the threshold of gas hydrate formation

Molecular modeling is used to obtain the formation mechanism and stability of structure I methane hydrate. A simple approach is presented to reveal the formation of the characteristic cage of structure I hydrate by water molecules around the methane guest molecules after 1 ns via reducing the temperature from 400 to 275 K under canonical ensemble condition. Then, the stability of methane clathrate hydrate structure is studied during the simulation time of 200 ps. To evaluate the structure of methane hydrate, the radial distribution functions of host–host, host–guest, and guest–guest molecules are obtained. The results prove the methane hydrate formation and its stability.     

Geochemical characteristics of the Permian Changxing Formation reef dolomites, northeastern Sichuan Basin, China

The recent discovery of deep and ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Permian Changxing Formation reefs, northeastern Sichuan Basin is a significant development in marine carbonate oil & gas exploration in China. Reef dolomites and their origins have been major research topics for sedimentologists and oil & gas geologists. The petrography, trace element and isotope geochemistry of the reef dolomites indicated that the dolomites are characterized by low Sr and Mn contents, relatively low Fe contents, very similar δ 13 C and δ 18 O values and very different 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios. Although the calculated results of the fluid mixing suggested that a mixture with 85%-95% meteoric water and 5%-15% seawater seemed to be the dolomitizing fluids of the reef dolomites, the low Mn contents, relatively low Fe contents, high δ 13 C values and high homogenization temperatures of the dolomites did not support that there were large proportions of meteoric water in the dolomitization process, and the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios which were close to coeval seawater also did not support the possibility of the mixture of deep-burial circulated fluids from clastic rocks. High temperature deep-burial circulated seawater with low Mn and Fe contents, high Sr content and high δ 13 C values from the dissolution of widely distributed Triassic evaporites during the burial diagenetic processes (including dehydration of water-bearing evaporites) could have been the dolomitizing fluids of the reef dolomites.     

Genesis of the high gamma sandstone of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China

Recently, more attention has been paid on the high gamma sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. These high gamma sandstones have logging characteristics different from conventional sandstones, which influences the identification of sandstone reservoirs. Zhang et al (2010) proposed that the high gamma sandstones of the Yanchang Formation might be the result of re-deposition of homochronous sedimentary tuffs or previous tuffs as a part of the sandstone. However, we present a different viewpoint: 1) few tuffs or tuff debris have been found in the high gamma sandstones of the Yanchang Formation; 2) high gamma (or high Th content) sandstones of Yanchang Formation are not related to either clay minerals or feldspar; 3) the heavy minerals in the sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation are dominated by zircon, which is characterized by abnormally high Th and U contents, up to 2,163 ppm and 1,362 ppm, respectively. This is sufficient to explain the high gamma anomaly. The conclusion is that the high gamma value of the Yanchang Formation sandstones might be caused by zircon with high Th and U contents in sandstones rather than from the tuff components.     

论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探

四川盆地的栖霞组主要为灰-灰黑色灰岩及生物碎屑灰岩,沉积相以碳酸盐台内生屑滩相、深和浅缓坡相为主,海水较平静,生物繁茂,富含有机质,具志留系和阳新统2套较好的生油层,生气强度一般＞20×10⁸m³/km²,最高达170×10⁸m³/km²,是四川盆地最好的优质生油层。由于灰岩结构以泥晶为主,孔渗差,储气主要靠白云岩化作用、古岩溶作用和裂缝作用,白云岩化作用改善了孔隙空间,古岩溶形成了洞穴（钻具放空量最大可达4.75m）,裂缝主要起着孔洞间的连通作用。尽管目前栖霞组的勘探程度尚很低,钻获的气藏较少,但也有高产气井,如自流井气田自2井栖霞组与茅口组合采已累积采气＞46.6×10⁸m³说明潜力不小,前景乐观。     

三塘湖油田头屯河组流动单元划分及微观渗流特征

为了指导三塘湖油田头屯河组储层的开发,针对储层特征,选择渗透率、压实校正后的孔隙度及孔喉半径R353个参数进行聚类、判别分析,将头屯河组划分为4类流动单元,各流动单元与沉积微相具有很好的对应关系。水驱油实验中,A类流动单元,水呈活塞式推进,驱油效率高;B类呈树枝状推进,驱油效率中等;C、D类呈指状推进,驱油效率低。微观孔隙结构的差异是造成驱油效率差别的主要原因。C、D类流动单元在研究区分布面积广,残余油多,是剩余油富集区。     

测井相在松辽盆地北部泉三、四段沉积微相分析中的应用

在前人研究的基础上,综合利用测井曲线等资料,对松辽盆地北部下白垩统泉头组三、四段进行了沉积微相研究,目的在于进一步提高测井曲线信息的利用率,了解单砂层展布规模和相带分区,为下一步油气勘探部署、提交油气后备储量与合理开发油气田提供更为充分的依据。     

北羌塘盆地中侏罗统布曲组缓坡相及沉积演化

针对北羌塘盆地布曲组沉积环境的不同认识,根据羌塘盆地形成的地质构造背景、古地貌特征,以及布曲组地层的沉积特征,确证布曲组沉积环境属缓坡沉积。在此基础上,对布曲组标准剖面野外露头进行详细观察与描述,并根据剖面岩相及其组合特征,识别出内缓坡、中缓坡、外缓坡3 种沉积亚相,包括潮坪、泻湖、浅滩等7 种微相。由此建立了该时期的沉积相序及其演化。     

临清坳陷太原组煤系烃源岩生烃演化特征

通过对临清坳陷（东部）太原组低成熟煤系源岩加水热压模拟实验结果对比分析,发现生成的气态烃中二氧化碳的体积分数、甲烷体积分数、酸烷比及干燥系数在相同的温度点其数值差别明显,但具有相似的演化趋势;通过热模拟实验,结合研究区烃源岩特征,认为临清坳陷（东部）煤系源岩具备形成工业油气藏的物质基础。