新型整流喷嘴式分流器最佳入口工况数值模拟

目的:改善或尽可能消除制冷系统中节流后气液两相制冷剂在蒸发器中分配不均匀导致的制冷系统性能下降的现象。方法:基于多相流模型中的混合物模型,建立整流喷嘴式分流器的物理模型及气液两相流动的数学模型,通过CFD模拟该分流器内部的相分布情况和气液两相分离程度,分析入口工况(流速、干度)对分流器分液均匀性的影响。结果:当入口流速为1 m/s,入口干度为0.2时,流型逐步趋于稳定,形成对称的环形流,分流器在此工况下整体不均匀度达到最小值,分流效果最优。结论:在对分流器结构进行优化的基础上,通过调整入口工况至最佳可进一步优化流型,形成对称环形流实现均匀分液。     

方柱体与圆柱体气液两相涡街特性的研究

气液两相流体在垂直上升矩形截面管道内横向冲刷水平布置的柱体时,一定条件下会在柱体后面产生旋涡交替脱落现象.利用管壁压差法来研究气液两相流横掠圆柱体和方柱体时的旋涡脱落特性,得到了涡街的脱落频率和斯特罗哈数的变化情况.实验中雷诺数的范围为0.9×10~4～2.3×10~4,截面含气率的范围为0～0.2.实验结果表明:在一定的含气率范围内,两种柱体涡街的脱落频率与斯特罗哈数都随着截面含气率的增大而增大;方柱体斯特罗哈数增大的梯度与雷诺数无关,圆柱体斯特罗哈数增大的梯度受雷诺数的影响.     

三维菱形结构微通道内气液传质与强化

研究了具有三维交错菱形结构的微通道对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF₄])水溶液吸收CO₂过程的传质增强作用。实验主要聚焦于弹状流和破碎弹状流。考察了弹状流型下气液流量、离子液体浓度对体积传质系数k_La、增强因子E、CO₂吸收率X及压力降ΔP的影响。结果表明,较之于直通道,三维菱形通道可以显著提高体积传质系数和CO₂吸收率,其增强因子可达2.1,压力降仅增加 0.9 kPa。提出了一个新的体积传质系数k_La预测式,预测效果良好。采用VOF法模拟了微通道内气液两相流动过程,获得了连续相的速度矢量场。三维菱形通道能诱导涡流,强化传质过程。     

A Hydrodynamic Modei for Slug Frequency in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

The prediction of slug frequency has important significance on gas-liquid two-phase flow. A hydrody-namic modei was put forward to evaluate slug frequency for horizontal two-phase flow, based on the dependence of slug frequency on the frequency of unstable interfacial wave. Using air and water, experimental verification of the modei was carried out in a large range of flow parameters. Six electrical probes were installed at different positions of a horizontal plexiglass pipe to detect slug frequency development. The pipe is 30m long and its inner diameter is 24 mm. It is observed experimentally that the interfacial wave frequency at the inlet is about l to 3 times the frequency of stable slug. The slug frequencies predicted by the modei fit well with Tronconi (1990) modei and the experimental data. The combination of the hydrodynamic modei and the experimental data results in a conclusion that the frequency of equilibrium liquid slug is approximately half the miniraum frequency of interfacial wave.     

十字聚焦型微通道内弹状液滴在黏弹性流体中的生成与尺寸预测

利用高速摄像仪对十字聚焦微通道内液滴在黏弹性流体中的生成过程进行了实验研究。微通道截面为600μm×600 μm 的正方形结构,采用硅油作为分散相,含0.3%表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的聚环氧乙烷(PEO)水溶液(质量分数分别为0.1%,0.3%,0.6%)为连续相。实验观察到了弹状流、滴状流和喷射流3 种流型。对弹状流型下液滴生成过程的颈部动力学进行了研究,考察了两相流率、连续相毛细数及弹性数对液滴尺寸的影响。结果表明:弹状液滴尺寸随连续相流率、毛细数及弹性数的增加而减小,随分散相流率的增加而增加,连续相弹性对液滴尺寸的影响相对较小。以油水两相流率比和连续相的毛细数及Reynolds 数为变量建立了弹状液滴尺寸的预测关联式,预测值与实验值吻合良好。     

局部磨损对α型旋风分离器内流场及分离性能的影响

以α型旋风分离器为研究对象,基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,采用雷诺应力模型（RSM）、颗粒离散相模型（DPM）、E/CRC磨损方程对分离器内流场与磨损特性进行数值模拟。通过分析速度矢量、切向速度、颗粒运动轨迹等参数的分布规律,研究了局部磨损对设备内流场及分离性能的影响。结果表明,α型旋风分离器入口正对壁面磨损最为严重,最大磨损率约为1.4×10^-5kg/(m²·s)。磨损引起壁面几何结构的改变,导致气流方向发生偏转,不利于主流的稳定与固体颗粒的分离。随局部磨损的加剧,排气管下口短路流急剧增大,从而导致排气管下口以下区域流体流量减少,外涡切向速度降低;细颗粒的逃逸现象更加明显,粗颗粒运动轨迹趋于重合,更易形成高浓度灰环加剧壁面磨损。与未磨损时相比,局部磨损厚度50mm时,3μm粒径颗粒的分离效率由74.38%降低至54.97%,分割粒径d₅₀由0.73μm增大至2.36μm;设备压降降低了约15.41%。     

基于丝网探针的螺旋管内气液两相流气泡行为研究

核反应堆蒸汽发生器的传热面由螺旋管束组成。螺旋管的三维螺旋结构使得泡状流和塞状流等气液两相流中的气泡在重力、离心力和浮力等作用下在管道内部呈现不对称的相分布状态,两相滑移速度增大,显著影响换热性能并导致DNB型传热恶化难以预测。实验介质为空气-水,结合自主开发的电导式丝网探针技术并发展先进的数据后处理算法,实现了复杂流场的三维时空重构和离散气泡粒径的精细测量,获得了螺旋管内泡状流和塞状流的截面空泡分布规律。基于研究结果,可根据气泡分布规律对螺旋管道的几何结构进行调整以避免传热恶化,为螺旋管式蒸发器的安全设计提供了基础数据和优化思路。     

Hydrodynamics and liquid phase axial mixing in orifice pipe reactor

Two phase flow in a horizontal pipe, with orifice plates placed at regular intervals as obstructions, was studied for the effect of phase velocities on flow patterns, fractional phase hold-ups, pressure drop and liquid phase axial dispersion. Radioactive technetium-99m (as an aqueous solution of sodium pertechnatate) was used as tracer. A pulse injection technique with two point measurements was employed. Three different orifice diameters were used (8 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm) in a pipe diameter of 32 mm. The orifice spacing was 500 mm in all cases. Superficial gas (air) velocity was varied over a range from 0.02 m/s to 1.0 m/s and superficial liquid (water) velocity from 0.03 m/s to 0.85 m/s. Different flow patterns under different flow conditions were identified and a generalised flow map is presented. Variations in hold-ups and pressure drop with flow patterns have been explained. Rational correlations have been developed for fractional phase hold-ups and pressure drop. A preliminary comparison of two phase gas-liquid flow in a horizontal pipe with orifice obstructions (to be called orifice pipe reactor), as a gas-liquid contacting device, is made with a conventional bubble column reactor. Recommendations have been made for future work.     

基于双槽式孔板组合和神经网络技术的凝析天然气流量计开发

A slotted orifice has many superiorities over a standard orifice. For single-phase flow measurement, its flow coefficient is insensitive to the upstream velocity profile. For two phase flow measurement, various characteristics of its differential pressure （DP） are stable and closely correlated with the mass flow rate of gas and liquid. The complex relationships between the signal features and the two-phase flow rate are established through the use of a back propagation （BP） neural network. Experiments were carried out in the horizontal tubes with 50ram inner diameter, ooerated with water flow rate in the range of 0.2m^3·h^-1 to 4m3·h^-1, gas flow rate in the range of 100m^3·h^-1 to 1000m^3·h^-1, and pressure at 400kPa and 850kPa respectively, where the temperature is ambient temperature. This article includes the principle of wet gas meter development, the experimental matrix, the signal processing techniques and the achieved results. On the basis of the results it is suggested that the slotted orifice couple with a trained neural network may provide a simple but efficient solution to the wet gas meter development.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换和支持向量机的油水两相流流型识别

针对油水两相流的测量难题，利用文丘里管对水平管内油水两相流流型进行了研究。基于差压波动信号，提出了Hilbert-Huang变换与支持向量机相结合的流型识别方法。首先计算差压波动信号的均方根，并对其进行归一化处理后作为表征流型的特征向量之一；然后对差压信号进行Hilbert-Huang变换，利用经验模态分解后的多分辨率特征，提取第一层和第二层的能量比作为表征流型的另外两个特征向量；最后利用训练好的支持向量机进行流型识别，对分层流型及分散流型取得了较好的流型识别效果。如果将流型识别与推导得到的文丘里油水两相流流量测量模型相结合，可以较好地实现油水两相流的流量测量。