从甘肃民勤生态危机反思石羊河流域水资源利用模式

民勤生态环境危机主要表现在:土地盐碱化、荒漠化日益严重,灾害性天气频繁发生等方面,这些都直接威胁着绿洲存亡。从绿洲生态危机对石羊河流域水资源利用模式进行了反思,指出了目前流域水资源利用中存在的问题,并提出了建议:实行流域水资源统一管理;建立合理的水权制度,适当调整水价;控制人口增长;加快外流域调水。     

内蒙古新城子火山盆地遥感解译及铀成矿预测

内蒙古新城子火山盆地位于大兴安岭南端及扎兰屯火山岩型铀成矿远景带南端,盆地内中生代火山活动频繁且强烈,主要发育火山岩型铀矿。笔者利用Landsat ETM及高分一号遥感数据,对研究区进行了系统构造解译及蚀变信息提取,结合已有地质资料,初步确定了研究区以NE、NW、近EW、近NS向4组线性构造为构造格架。最终根据构造、铀矿化、遥感蚀变等信息圈定3处找矿远景区,期望为该区下一步铀矿地质找矿工作提供依据。     

江汉盆地盐类矿产的富集规律及找矿方向浅析

江汉盆地白垩—第三系由两大沉积成盐旋回组成,主要含盐层位均位于沉积成盐旋回的中偏上部。控盆断裂的差异性活动,导致了盆地的沉积中心由西向东迁移。盆内断裂将盆地分割成若干个凹陷区和凸起区。根据凹陷特征和所处部位,将其分为三种类型(盆内深凹、盆内浅凹和盆边凹陷),不同类型的凹陷具有不同的成矿特点。盆内凹陷大多是受主干断裂控制的不对称凹陷,其矿物相带的分布也往往表现为靠近主干断裂一侧的偏心环状,这种沉积相模式对在凹陷的不同部位寻找不同的盐类矿产具有一定的指示意义。根据盐类聚集规律,江汉盆地的进一步找盐方向是:1.盆内深凹是找钾有利地段;2.盆内浅凹与盆内深凹过渡带是无水芒硝成矿有利区;3.盆内浅凹缓坡带及宽缓低凸起区是寻找自然硫的重要靶区。     

中中新世以来南海南部前隆的迁移:来自北康盆地的证据

利用二维地震资料探讨南海南部北康前隆的迁移现象及其对形成油气圈闭的影响。在南沙海域，早中新世不整合（EMU）是一个区域性不整合面，EMU之上的地层可以简单归结为披覆层系和水平层系。披覆层系直接覆盖在EMU上，具有连续薄层的平行地震反射特征，向南东方向加厚，属于悬浮沉积；而水平层系同期充填在低凹处，不断上超和覆盖早期的披覆层系，厚层状，呈不连续或弱反射特征，属于浊积物与悬浮物的混合沉积。通过上超反射终止的迁移和披覆层系的加厚两个特征判断，中中新世以来北康前隆在向上隆升的同时不断向南东方向迁移，反映了南沙海域减薄的陆壳有一个强烈挠曲和均衡反弹过程。前隆的迁移留下了一系列的古潜山，披覆层系和水平层系是很好的盖层，有利于圈闭的形成。     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理

综合利用岩心、测井、烃源岩热解、铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜与高压压汞等分析测试的结果，对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理进行了研究。结果表明：吉木萨尔凹陷咸化湖盆型沉积地层富含有机质，是烃源岩层也是储层，页岩油藏具有“源储一体”的地质特征，存在粉砂岩类与泥岩类和白云岩类与泥岩类两类岩性组合类型。芦草沟组大面积整体含油、“甜点”富集且原油成熟度较低。页岩油赋存岩石的润湿性为亲油性，生烃增压是页岩油运聚的主要动力。微纳米孔喉、层理缝与构造裂缝形成页岩油的有利储集空间与渗流通道。页岩油整体为源内或近源聚集，并以游离态和吸附态赋存于芦草沟组“甜点”段与泥页岩层段中。     

陆相断陷湖盆高频层序特征及其沉积演化——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沙三下亚段为例

岩相及其组合有规律地分布于层序地层格架内。通过岩心观察和样品测试数据综合分析,基于T（湖进）-R（湖退）层序划分方法,系统分析了渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙三下亚段陆相断陷湖盆关键层序界面特征、变化形式、构成样式及分布模式,总结出沙三下亚段的沉积层序演化模式。研究结果表明：①沙三下亚段关键层序界面类型主要有区域性的最大湖泛面和层序界面;②层序变化形式主要有向上变浅的R半旋回、向上变深的T半旋回和稳定旋回3种,层序单元构成可归为3种类型,分别为快升慢降型、慢升快降型和均一型;③沙三下亚段为一完整的三级层序,可划分为4个四级层序,对应早期湖进体系域（早期LTST）、晚期湖进体系域（晚期LTST）、早期湖退体系域（早期LRST）和晚期湖退体系域（晚期LRST）,四级层序和划分的五级层序单元具有全区的可对比性和完整性;④济阳坳陷沙三下亚段湖平面在总体快升慢降的背景下,主要经历4个变化阶段——早期LTST的快速上升阶段、晚期LTST的缓慢上升阶段、早期LRST的缓慢下降阶段及晚期LRST的下降阶段。层序演化过程中,构造沉降、沉积物供给和气候条件等因素在不同阶段所起的作用不同,从而造成层序格架内岩相及其组合分布的差异。     

巴布亚盆地烃源岩分布及生烃潜力评价

以构造、沉积演化为基础,结合钻井、录井、地球化学等资料,分析巴布亚盆地中–新生界烃源岩的发育与分布,结果表明,该区发育4套烃源岩,侏罗系烃源岩为主力烃源岩。中生界侏罗系主要发育三角洲相泥质烃源岩,白垩系主要发育滨浅海相泥质烃源岩;新生界中新统和上新统主要发育滨浅海相泥质烃源岩。综合考虑烃源岩厚度、有机质丰度和成熟度这三个方面,对巴布亚盆地主要生烃层位的生烃潜力进行评价。     

数据规则化技术在焉耆盆地老资料处理中的应用

焉耆盆地种马场构造带三维地震资料受地震采集面元、地震采集方位等不同因素的影响,部分地区地震资料存在空道或缺道,偏移距不均衡。整个工区覆盖次数差异较大,叠前道集振幅不均衡,造成偏移划弧、偏移噪声大,不利于叠前偏移成像。应用GEOVATION公司的数据规则化技术,有效地解决了偏移距分布不均匀的问题,提高了资料的信噪比,在焉耆盆地马1井地区三维地震老资料重新处理中取得了较好的效果。     

PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELLING IN A FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT SETTING: THE INVERTED CAMEROS BASIN,NORTH‐CENTRAL SPAIN

The Mesozoic Cameros Basin, northern Spain, was inverted during the Cenozoic Alpine orogeny when the Tithonian – Upper Cretaceous sedimentary fill was uplifted and partially eroded. Tar sandstones outcropping in the southern part of the basin and pyrobitumen particles trapped in potential source rocks suggest that hydrocarbons have been generated in the basin and subsequently migrated. However, no economic accumulations of oil or gas have yet been found. This study reconstructs the evolution of possible petroleum systems in the basin from initial extension through to the inversion phase, and is based on structural, stratigraphic and sedimentological data integrated with petrographic and geochemical observations. Petroleum systems modelling was used to investigate the timing of source rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation, and to reconstruct possible hydrocarbon migration pathways and accumulations. In the northern part of the basin, modelling results indicate that the generation of hydrocarbons began in the Early Berriasian and reached a peak in the Late Barremian – Early Albian. The absence of traps during peak generation prevented the formation of significant hydrocarbon accumulations. Some accumulations formed after the deposition of post‐extensional units (Late Cretaceous in age) which acted as seals. However, during subsequent inversion, these reservoir units were uplifted and eroded. In the southern sector of the basin, hydrocarbon generation did not begin until the Late Cretaceous due to the lower rates of subsidence and burial, and migration and accumulation may have taken place until the initial phases of inversion. Sandstones impregnated with bitumen (tar sandstones) observed at the present day in the crests of surface anticlines in the south of the basin are interpreted to represent the relics of these palaeo‐accumulations. Despite a number of uncertainties which are inherent to modelling the petroleum systems evolution of an inverted and overmature basin, this study demonstrates the importance of integrating multidisciplinary and multi‐scale data to the resource assessment of a complex fold‐and‐thrust belt.     

THERMOGENIC PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE NANKAI SUBDUCTION ZONE,OFFSHORE SW JAPAN

In the Kumano forearc basin, offshore SW Japan, the potential occurrence of hydrocarbons has been inferred from both geophysical surveys which point to the presence of natural gas hydrates, and geochemical analyses of gas samples recovered from boreholes and submarine mud volcanoes. The forearc basin is located in the inner part of the Nankai Trough where the Philippine Sea plate is subducting northwards beneath SW Japan. The basin succession unconformably overlies a deformed accretionary prism complex. Hydrocarbons with both microbial and thermogenic origins have been recorded in the Kumano Basin, but the thermogenic petroleum potential is poorly constrained because the regional‐scale geological architecture of the Nankai subduction zone is not well understood. In this paper, the regional‐scale petroleum potential of the Nankai Trough is investigated based on the geological interpretation of new seismic reflection images. The images were derived from legacy seismic survey data using advanced processing techniques such as reverse time migration, which make use of both primary and multiple reflections in wide‐angle seismic data collected with ocean‐bottom seismographs. In the study area, a seaward‐dipping reflector was identified which terminates at the plate boundary décollement and which is interpreted as part of the boundary between previously‐identified older (>14 Ma) and younger (<6 Ma) accretionary prisms. A triangle body at the base of the younger accretionary prism is interpreted to consist of underthrusted sediments including thick hemipelagic mudstones with source rock potential which were scraped off the down‐going oceanic plate. These tentatively identified, deeply‐buried mudstones may have the potential to generate thermogenic hydrocarbons which may then migrate upwards along dipping carrier beds or faults and fractures to the unconformity at the base of the Kumano forearc basin succession. The presence of hydrocarbons in the accretionary prism may be inferred from positive amplitude anomalies which have been identified in the reprocessed multi‐channel seismic data. The new reflection interpretations therefore allow the potential for thermogenic petroleum to be proposed in the study area. The hydrocarbon potential at this subduction margin may therefore rely not only on shallow microbial methane, but may also involve deeper, thermogenic petroleum generated within the underlying accretionary prism.