利用脂肪醇剩余烯烃能力增产烷基苯

通过对大量的数据及市场调研的分析,提出利用脂肪醇剩余烯烃增产烷基苯的可行措施。为直链烷基苯－ 合成脂肪醇联合装置的技术改造提供了依据。     

Converting a Protease Assay to a Caliper® Format LabChip System

The push for higher throughput screening coupled with the desire to use smaller volumes of material has sparked the development of new technologies. Caliper Technologies, Corp. (Mountain View, CA) has designed a microfluidics chip with unique properties yet to be fully exploited. The translation from a traditional plate-based assay to a microfluidic chip format has provided insights into assay development, screening data requirements, and the technology itself. Running a screen with this new technology presented challenges in throughput, signal acquisition from slow-conversion enzymes, the provision for a negative control, the translation of a time series into a single data point per compound, reagent adhesion in the channels, and fluid property mismatches. Overcoming these obstacles has resulted in a simple, robust system with significant savings in reagent use. Measures to improve throughput and generalize the system will be discussed.     

Growth and Metabolism of L-malic Acid by Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 220 in a Defined Medium

Malic acid can be metabolized by lactic acid bacteria by two main pathways. Previous studies in malic acid degradation by malic and malolactic enzymes in wines and complex media have not been carried out in completely defined media. Some novel aspects of growth and metabolism of a L. plantarum strain in a defined medium were found. One of the most relevant results was that the strain could grow with malate as sole energy source added to the medium.     

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from ethnic preserved meat products of the Western Himalayas

We used culture- and molecular-biology-based methods to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the ethnic chevon (goat) meat products chartayshya, jamma and arjia of the Western Himalayas. In six chartayshya, six jamma and four arjia samples, LAB were the predominant microbial component involved in the fermentation of these samples, and the total LAB population in arjia (7.8 ± 0.1 log cfu g⁻¹; mean ± SD) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in chartayshya (6.9 ± 0.1 log cfu g⁻¹) and jamma (7.5 ± 0.1 log cfu g⁻¹). We identified 53 LAB samples by 16S rRNA and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase (pheS) genes sequencing. The LAB isolates were identified as Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella cibaria. These results revealed that there is a high level of diversity of LAB in the Himalayan ethnic preserved meat products.     

利用种特异性PCR快速鉴定新疆酸马奶优势菌群

建立了一种快速准确鉴定酸马奶中乳酸菌优势菌群的种特异性PCR技术。据资料报道,酸马奶中已知的6种优势菌主要集中在植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌3大类群。首先,针对属于同一类群内的两种优势菌设计2对种特异性引物,采用3组PCR实验验证引物的特异性。然后以酸马奶中提取的总DNA为模板,利用经验证的6对种特异性引物鉴定2份新疆酸马奶样品中的优势菌群。结果表明,新疆酸马奶中含有Lactobacillus(L.)helveticus,L.pentosus,L.plantarum,L.acidophilus和L.paracasei,与前人报道结果一致。本研究建立的种特异性PCR技术不仅能够快速鉴定酸马奶中乳酸菌优势菌群组成,同时可为其它发酵制品中3大类群乳酸菌鉴定提供有效的方法。     

Development of fermented Hericium erinaceus juice with high content of L‐glutamine and L‐glutamic acid

Fermented plant beverages (FPB) with a high content of desirable principle components are served as functional foods from several years. Hericium erinaceus is famous for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic nature. Accordingly, the current study was aimed to produce fermented H. erinaceus juice with a high content of L‐glutamine (Gln) and L‐glutamic acid (GA) through lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented Thai foods. LAB isolates were screened and identified the potent protease‐producing bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (G414/1) that facilitate the production of Gln and GA through protein hydrolysis. Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were adapted for the optimisation of conditions for the increased production of Gln and GA during fermentation of H. erinaceus. We succeeded with an optimum concentration of cofactor (CaCl₂), pH and temperature for improved protease activity and subsequent Gln and GA production. The ability of isolated E. faecalis strain to produce Gln and GA was demonstrated in this study. Further, upstream processes like strain improvement and media optimisation will direct the way to produce enriched H. erinaceus based FPB.     

Linear alkylbenzene

Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) was introduced in the mid-1960s as a raw material for cleaning products. Since then, continuing and explosive research on its biodegradation and on its environmental and human toxicity has been performed. The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate as surfactant is clearly established, and it is one of the safest and most cost-effective products in widespread commercial use. The aim of the present paper is to survey the most important developments and understandings of the chemistry of LAB production and of its physical and environmental properties. The expected consequence of this analytical survey is to envisage the continuous challenges for the detergents industry in catalytic production of LAB, better control of selectivity, replacement of corrosive and mineral liquid acid catalyst by heterogeneous acid catalyst and the maintenance of competitiveness of LAB with respect to natural alcohols.