RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF JURASSIC SHAXIMIAO FORMATION,WESTERN SICHUAN BASIN

Our study shows that （ 1 ） the Shaximiao reservoir, western Sichuan Basin, is mainly composed of arkose and lithic ar- kose, and litharenite, feldsparthic and lithic quartz sandstone for the second; （2） the reservoir space includes pore and fracture, and in- tergranular dissolution pore for the main one whereas residual intergranular pore and intragranular dissolution pore for the second ones; （3） the throat type dominantly contains tubular and intergranular fissures, which belong to fine- to micro-throat ones; （4） its porous structure is poor, which is characterized by small pore and shallow throat, small volume of effectively connecting pore, and medium to high drainage pressure; and （5） this reservoir is mostly featured by low to medium porosity and permeability, partly high porosity and per- meability, and strong heterogeneity. In addition, the factors controlling its growth, the sandbedy distribution, and the favorable reservoir belts are further studied. These results may provide an important support for exploration and development of Shaximiao reservoir.     

松辽盆地梨树断陷小宽断层走滑位移量恢复研究

小宽断层是梨树断陷内一条重要的走滑断层,是在火石岭时期区域NW向拉张应力产生的基底断层基础上发育形成,受营城组末期区域左旋走滑作用开始走滑活动,在登娄库末期强烈走滑,最终在嫩江组末期区域NW向挤压反转作用下定型。本文通过对小宽断层特征的详细分析,利用地层厚度对比法,以营城组厚度为参照,选取不同距离进行反推厚度对比,分析表明,小宽断层走滑位移在3~5km之间。     

Formation of Benzo(a)pyrene in Sesame Seeds During the Roasting Process for Production of Sesame Seed Oil

The main aim of this research was to enhance the understanding of the formation mechanisms of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) during roasting of sesame seeds (SS). BaP levels in hot‐ and cold‐pressed sesame seed oil (SSO) were evaluated to correlate oil technology and BaP formation. Extracted principal components from SS were roasted either singly or in mixtures at 230 °C for 30 min. BaP was measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results showed that BaP levels in hot‐pressed SSO were significantly higher than those in cold‐pressed SSO (p < 0.05), BaP formation mostly occurred during SS roasting and increased with roasting temperature (between 80 and 280 °C) and time (from 10 to 50 min). Furthermore, the BaP level in the roasted hulled SS (3.64 μg/kg) was higher than it was in roasted whole SS (1.63 μg/kg). The maximum BaP level observed (5.03 μg/kg) was detected in a roasted mixture of SS protein and SSO. The addition of sesame protein to protein‐free SSO promoted the formation of BaP, which suggests that the pyrolysis products of protein and triacylglycerols are probably important precursors in BaP formation.     

四川盆地东部石炭系黄龙组白云岩成因

四川盆地东部石炭系黄龙组是重要的天然气产层,白云石化作用是优质储层发育的必要条件,白云石化成因类型研究对该区油气勘探具有重要意义。根据岩心和野外剖面观察与描述,结合薄片资料,认为区内黄龙组主要发育以下几种类型的白云岩:泥—微晶白云岩、粉—细晶白云岩和残余颗粒粉—细晶白云岩等,以及充填于孔、洞或缝中的白云石胶结物。结合X射线衍射分析数据和稳定同位素δ13C与δ18Ο资料,发现该区不同类型的白云岩以及白云石胶结物的形成条件和物性特征各异,分别用不同的成因模式来解释更为合理,在此基础上总结了黄龙组具有如下4种白云岩成因模式:泥—微晶白云岩的蒸发泵白云石化成岩模式、(残余颗粒)粉—细晶白云岩的埋藏压实白云石化成岩模式、淡水白云岩的调整白云石化成岩模式和异形白云岩的构造热液白云石化成岩模式。     

川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩层序地层及其对储层的控制

随着四川盆地勘探程度的深入,页岩气藏已经成为勘探重点,有必要系统地开展页岩层序地层研究。在岩石地层、生物地层、年代地层研究的基础上,运用露头-钻井-地震、全球海平面变化曲线、地球化学、古生物等资料,在川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩地层中识别出4个三级层序界面,划分了3个三级层序:SQ1相当于五峰组,沉积速率低(1.18~2.19 m/Ma);SQ2相当于龙马溪组下段及上段底部,沉积速率较低(约为15 m/Ma);SQ3相当于龙马溪组上段中上部,沉积速率较高(216.25~340 m/Ma)。建立了该区的层序地层格架。分析了层序对储层的控制作用,主要体现在黑色页岩层序SQ1—SQ2中相对海平面升降与页岩脆性指数呈负相关、与TOC及孔隙度呈正相关,渗透率高值多位于脆性段,渗透率低值多位于塑性段。灰色页岩层序SQ3以塑性段为主,孔、渗均低于SQ1、SQ2凝缩段,其相对海平面与有机质没有明显的相关性。相对海平面变化影响了优质页岩储层发育,SQ1、SQ2海侵期—海退早期为优质页岩储层发育期。综合本次研究成果,明确了层序地层对优质页岩储层的控制作用,对于在层序格架内预测优质页岩储层段具有指导意义。     

巴音都兰凹陷阿尔善组碎屑岩储层特征及其主控因素

通过采用岩心观察、薄片鉴定,以及地震相、测井相、沉积相、成岩作用研究等方法,分析了二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷阿尔善组碎屑岩储层特征。结果表明:岩石类型以长石砂岩和砂砾岩为主,岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩次之,具有近物源特征;储层物性总体上属于低孔、特低渗性,但也存在相对有利的低孔、低渗储层(测井孔隙度为9.37%~11.55%,渗透率为6.14×10-3~6.27×10-3μm2),有利于形成含油气储层。针对研究区储层特点,进一步分析认为,储层的形成和分布主要受沉积微相和成岩作用两大因素的控制。扇三角洲前缘分流河道和席状砂微相为有利储层分布相带;同时,差异压实作用、溶蚀作用和压溶作用,使得储层原生残余粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及微裂缝发育并得以保存,而强烈的压实作用和胶结作用,使得储层物性整体变差。     

STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE CROATIAN PART OF THE ADRIATIC BASIN

Coastal parts of Croatia are dominated by the SW‐verging Dinaric foldbelt, to the west and SW of which is the Adriatic Basin (the stable foreland). In both areas, the stratigraphic column is dominated by a thick carbonate succession ranging from Carboniferous to Miocene. Four megasequences have been identified: (i) a pre‐platform succession ranging in age from Late Carboniferous (Middle Pennsylvanian: Moscovian) to Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian; Bru?ane and Ba?ke Ostarije Formations); (ii) an Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous platform megasequence (Mali Alan Formation); (iii) a Paleogene to Neogene post‐platform megasequence (Ra?a Formation); and (iv) a Neogene to Quaternary (Pliocene to Holocene) megasequence (Istra and Ivana Formations). A number of organic‐rich intervals with source rock potential have been identified on‐ and offshore Croatia: Middle and Upper Carboniferous, Upper Permian, Lower and Middle Triassic, Lower and Upper Jurassic, Lower and Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Pliocene – Pleistocene. Traps and potential plays have been identified from seismic data in the Dinaric belt and adjacent foreland. Evaporites of Permian, Triassic and Neogene (Messinian) ages form potential regional seals, and carbonates with secondary porosity form potential reservoirs. Oil and gas shows in wells in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Basin have been recorded but no oil accumulations of commercial value have yet been discovered. In the northern Adriatic offshore Croatia, Pliocene hemi‐pelagic marlstones and shales include source rocks which produce commercial volumes of biogenic gas. The gas is reservoired in unconsolidated sands of the Pleistocene Ivana Formation.     

反凝析作用对苏里格气田上古生界气藏开发的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田上古生界气藏在开发中产生一定量的凝析油,含量约为10g/m~3,属于微含凝析油气藏,如果生产初期配产过大,那压力下降就会过快。在反凝析作用下,凝析油在近井地带析出形成多相流,堵塞微孔隙和吼道,导致气相渗透率降低,使得气井产量大幅下降,部分被封闭的天然气无法采出,层内凝析对储层的伤害有可能是永久性的。为此,通过对该气藏层内反凝析机理、层内凝析影响因素的分析及室内试验.再使用新建立的三维数学模型对单井进行预测,结果表明该气藏"三低"(低孔、低渗、低产)特征加剧了凝析液对储层的伤害。同时还分析了气井产能降低的根本原因.并对气井生产管理提出了建议:①在保护开采阶段,投产初期应合理配产,以低于无阻流量的1/5~1/8配产,尽可能延长露点线以上开采时间,使凝析油尽可能不在地层中析出;②在反凝析阶段,要在系统研究的基础上得出准确的相态图,要快速通过该阶段尽早进入蒸发阶段,使已经凝析出来的凝析油再次蒸发汽化,从而降低储层污染。该研究成果对苏里格气田上古生界气藏的科学开发以及进一步提高采收率具有重要意义。