四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩关键矿物成岩演化及其控储作用

利用岩心—薄片—扫描电镜观察、X-射线衍射分析、碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素和能谱分析等手段,对四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩中的石英、长石、黄铁矿、碳酸盐类和黏土矿物进行了有效识别与划分,分析了矿物成岩演化序列及其对储层发育的影响。结果表明,良好的物质基础和独特的成岩改造是优质页岩储层形成的关键：（1）莓状/自形黄铁矿、生物石英和微生物白云石主要形成于同生—早成岩阶段早期,对页岩原始孔隙的保持具有破坏性和建设性双重作用,其建设性支撑格架作用对优质页岩的形成起决定性作用,此类矿物与陆源碎屑构成的刚性支撑格架有利于原始孔隙的保持与后期的压裂改造。（2）生烃—成岩协同演化促进储集空间的发育,中成岩早期有机酸的产生和消耗、不稳定矿物（长石和碳酸盐矿物）溶蚀/蚀变、黏土矿物转化和干酪根生油具有同步性,为生油期液态烃的充注与滞留提供了有利空间;中成岩晚期—晚成岩阶段,干酪根和滞留烃裂解生气、成孔和增压促进了有机孔与微裂缝的发育,利于页岩气的富集与高产。     

早寒武世早期"鄂中古岛"异议

在1：5万双河口，盐池庙幅区调中，通过对其早寒武世误时面的研究分析及对比表明，前人所谓的“鄂中古岛”仅存在于早寒武世的梅树村期，至筇竹寺期而被淹没并接受沉积，即在天河板组之下，存在着刘家坡组和石牌组。     

An Explicit Lower Bound for TSP with Distances One and Two

Abstract. We show that, for any ɛ>0 , it is NP-hard to approximate the asymmetric traveling salesman problem with distances one and two within 2805/2804-ɛ . For the special case where the distance function is constrained to be symmetric, we show a lower bound of 5381/5380-ɛ , for any ɛ>0 . While it was previously known that there exists some constant, strictly greater than one, such that it is NP-hard to approximate the traveling salesman problem with distances one and two within that constant, this result is a first step towards the establishment of a good bound. In our proof we develop a new gadget construction to reduce from systems of linear equations mod 2 with two unknowns in each equation and at most three occurrences of each variable. Compared with earlier reductions to the traveling salesman problem with distances one and two, ours reduces the number of cities to less than a tenth of what was previously necessary.     

引黄灌区水沙资源配置关键技术的研究

引黄灌区水沙资源配置关键技术包括灌区减沙沉沙技术、引水分沙技术、渠道输水输沙技术等。通过引黄灌区引沙和沉沙资料的分析，论述了引黄灌区减沙技术和对灌区有害的粗颗粒泥沙处理技术，前者主要是通过控制引水含沙量或减少引水量来实现，后者主要是通过有害泥沙的拦截和沉积来达到。结合渠道输水输沙能力，总结了提高灌渠输沙能力的工程措施和非工程措施，前者包括加大渠道比降、渠道衬砌、改造阻水建筑物、优化断面等，后者主要是指水沙调控技术。通过分析渠道引水分沙特征，进一步探讨了引黄灌区自流灌溉和提水灌溉的特点，指出自流灌溉的支渠引水含沙量略低于或等于干渠含水量，渠道处于增淤状态；若提水泵站及其进口合理布置，将会有利于渠道减淤。     

下肢外骨骼机器人踝关节混合柔性驱动设计与研究

为了提高人机交互的安全性、舒适性以及对复杂非结构化环境的适应能力,设计了一种基于串联弹性驱动和刚性驱动混合的新型下肢外骨骼机器人踝关节。在电机与外骨骼机器人负载之间引入线性弹簧组以实现柔性驱动,对机器人脚部触地等冲击起到缓冲减振作用。设计了碟刹装置实现刚性驱动功能,以快速精确的响应人踝关节的摆动,避免人机运动偏差。建立了踝关节的动力学模型,通过频域特性分析方法得到了踝关节在不同参数特性下的稳定性以及力跟随特性。仿真实验验证了外骨骼机器人踝关节在受到冲击时的缓冲减振特性,并且验证了模型的准确性和有效性。     

The lower and upper approximations in a quotient hypermodule with respect to fuzzy sets

This paper provides a continuation of ideas presented by Davvaz and Mahdavipour [B. Davvaz, M. Mahdavipour, Roughness in modules, Inform. Sci. 176 (2006) 3658-3674]. The notion of hypermodule is a generalization of the notion of module. In this paper, we consider the quotient hypermodule M/A and interpret the lower and upper approximations as subsets of the quotient hypermodule M/A. Then, we introduce the concept of quotient rough sub-hypermodule. Also, using the concept of fuzzy sets, we introduce and discuss the concept of fuzzy rough hypermodules and then we obtain the relation between fuzzy rough sub-hypermodules and level rough sets. This relation is characterized as a necessary and sufficient condition.     

Generalized lower and upper approximations in a ring

In this paper, the concepts of set-valued homomorphism and strong set-valued homomorphism of a ring are introduced, and related properties are investigated. The notions of generalized lower and upper approximation operators, constructed by means of a set-valued mapping, which is a generalization of the notion of lower and upper approximation of a ring, are provided. We also propose the notion of generalized lower and upper approximations with respect to an ideal of a ring which is an extended notation of rough ideal introduced lately by Davvaz [B. Davvaz, Roughness in rings, Information Science 164 (2004) 147-163] in a ring and discuss some significant properties of them.     

400t/h锅炉的两项改造

将燃烧器下层一次风咳喘改成谈、稀相燃烧，降低了助燃油耗量和飞灰可燃物含量，用鳍片管式省煤器替换原光管式省煤器，降低了排烟温度并改善了管壁磨损，两项改造后取得发电量增加，锅炉热效率提高1％的效果。     

Assessing biological control of Acarus siro by Cheyletus malaccensis under laboratory conditions: Effect of temperatures and prey density

In stored grain, the predatory mite Cheyletus spp. may be used to control the pest mite Acarus siro. The efficiency of control depends on many factors, particularly ambient temperature. In this study we investigated the effects of temperature and initial prey density on the prey–predator system under laboratory conditions. Ratio–response models were fitted to estimate the efficiency of control for three temperatures. At 15 °C a 90% reduction of A. siro was achieved by releasing nine Cheyletus malaccensis individuals into a population of 100 A. siro individuals in 1 kg of grain. At 20 °C, 90% reduction required seven C. malaccensis individuals and at 25 °C, it required three C. malaccensis individuals. Without the predator the intrinsic rates of increase of A. siro populations increased with temperature and were highest for an initial density of 100 individuals, revealing some form of positive interaction among A. siro individuals during food processing. The intrinsic rates of increase of C. malaccensis populations also increased with temperature and decreased with increasing density of the predator, presumably as a result of interference competition among predators.At 15 °C the rate of increase for A. siro was higher than that for C. malaccensis, while at higher temperatures it was the other way around. Lower developmental thresholds were 10 °C for A. siro and 13.6 °C for C. malaccensis. In order to find when an artificial release of C. malaccensis is most efficient we simulated a population increase of A. siro using temperature records from one grain store. In Central Europe this type of biological control can be efficient only when the predator is released at the beginning of storage, i.e. in September and October.     

Response to Buchanan et al.'s comment on Urban et al. “Assessment of human health risks posed by consumption of fish from the Lower Passaic River (LPR), New Jersey” (2009, doi:10.1016/jscitotenv.2009.03.004)

Buchanan et al. assert that our recent fish ingestion risk assessment for a section of the Lower Passaic River (LPR) (Urban et al., 2009) utilizes inappropriate ingestion rates and is inconsistent with state and USEPA guidelines and risk assessment procedures, and therefore underestimates the human health risks associated with angler exposure along this stretch of the river. However, they fail to support these assertions with evidence; indeed, in a recent response to similar allegations, we demonstrated that the utilized ingestion rates are, in fact, the most appropriate for this parameter (Urban et al., 2010). Our reliance on data from a comprehensive, independently validated, peer-reviewed, and site-specific creel angler survey (CAS) in order to define fish and crab ingestion rates for this region of the LPR is fully compliant with USEPA guidelines. In fact, the crab ingestion survey and risk assessment cited by Buchanan et al. as evidence of crabbing activity and crab ingestion for this region was less comprehensive than the CAS in question, was not overseen by an independent panel, has yet to be peer-reviewed, and does not provide any activity or consumption data for this section of the LPR. Contrary to the implications of Buchanan et al., our effort provides a transparent, comprehensive, and scientifically legitimate human health risk assessment of fish ingestion for the lowest 6 miles of the LPR. Thus we adamantly disagree with the characterization and assertions put forth by Buchanan et al., and stand by the conclusions presented in Urban et al. (2009) and defended in Urban et al. (2010).