尾叶桉化机浆制浆废水的生物处理

研究了用厌氧发酵和光合菌（ＰｈｏｌｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｉｃＢａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ，ＰＳＢ）协同处理尾叶桉（Ｅ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ）碱性亚硫酸钠法比要浆制浆废水的可行性，在厌氧段和光合菌处理段的容积负荷分别为８．５～１０．２ｇＣＯＤｃｒ／（Ｌ．ｄ）和１．２～２．１ｇＣＯＤｃｒ／（Ｌ．ｄ）时，连续运行２４ｄ后，全系统的ＣＯＤｃｒ，ＢＯＤ５，ＳＳ去除率分别达到５３％～５６％，７７％～８３％和８５％～８９％；系统     

Identification of polyphenolic compounds in red and white grape varieties grown in R. Macedonia and changes of their content during ripening

The composition of polyphenols in the skin, seed and pulp extracts of the grapes of Vranec and Smederevka varieties, and Merlot and Chardonnay as well, was analyzed by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) and MS/MS techniques. Thirty-one phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonols and flavan-3-ols, as well as phenolic acids derivatives, have been identified in the extracts prepared from the grapes at physiological maturity, by mass spectrometry applying electrospray ionization operated in alternating ion mode and by performing tandem MS experiments in the ion trap mass analyzer. Grapes were analyzed at three different phases: (i) veraison, (ii) physiological ripeness and (iii) late harvest, in order to follow the evolution of polyphenolic content during berry development, applying spectrophotometric methods. Vranec had a higher polyphenolic content compared to Merlot due to the higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids in the skins and seeds as well as a higher content of flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins in the skins, allowing discriminating the varieties. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis presented significantly higher relative amounts of anthocyanin monoglucosides and p-coumaroylglucosides in Vranec grapes. Smederevka seeds had a higher amount of flavan-3-ols than Chardonnay, while a higher content of total phenolics and flavonoids was found in the skins of the Chardonnay variety. Anthocyanin content in both red varieties increased during the berry ripening, while flavan-3-ols in seeds were mainly accumulated in the veraison phase followed by decrease of the content with ripening.     

Simultaneous determination of three pesticides and their metabolites in unprocessed foods using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

We have developed a rapid, multi-compound analytical method for measuring residues of the pesticides thiamethoxam and its metabolite, clothianidin; fipronil and its three metabolites, fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil desulfinyl; and pyraclostrobin in unprocessed foods (rice, corn, cucumbers, tomatoes, apples, and bananas) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile was used as the extraction solvent, and an octadecylsilane-dispersive SPE was used to clean up the analytes, which were then separated through a UPLC HSS T3 column connected to a tandem mass spectrometer via an electrospray ionisation source. The linearity of this method for the target analytes was excellent (R² ≥0.990) in the concentration range of 5–1000 μg kg^–1. The average recoveries of the seven compounds at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μg kg^–1 from six spiked matrix samples ranged from 73.6 to 110.6%, all with RSD values of ≤19.7%. The limit of quantification was 10 μg kg^–1. The method validated the effectiveness of the method for routine monitoring the residue of these pesticides and their metabolites in foods.     

GC/MS法同时检测无烟气烟草制品中的1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和三甘醇

为了准确测定无烟气烟草制品中保润剂的含量,以1,4-丁二醇为内标建立了同时检测无烟气烟草制品中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇、三甘醇的气相色谱/质谱/选择离子监测(GC/MS/SIM)方法,采用该方法和CORESTA推荐的GC/FID法测定了30个无烟气烟草制品样品,并将2种方法的检测结果进行了比较.结果表明:①该方法的检出限和定量限分别为1.25～2.75 μg/g和4.10-9.05 μg/mL,回收率89.3%～100.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.16%～4.37%;②所测无烟气烟草制品中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇、三甘醇的含量分别在0.011-40.817,0.024～39.044和0.012～0.099 mg/g之间;③GC/FID法检出13个样品中舍1,2-丙二醇,检出率43.3%;14个样品中含丙三醇,检出率46.7%,其中能够准确定量的有9个样品;未检出三甘醇;④GC/MS/SIM法检出29个样品中含1,2-丙二醇,检出率96.7%,其中能够准确定量的有16个样品;28个样品中含丙三醇,检出率93.3%,其中能够准确定量的有25个样品;21个样品中含三甘醇,检出率70.0%,其中能够准确定量的有11个样品;⑤GC/FID和GC/MS/SIM法共同检出的13个样品中的1,2-丙二醇含量和9个样品的丙三醇含量的皮尔逊(Pearson)相关系数均大于0.99,概率P值均小于显著性水平0.05,配对t检验概率P值均大于显著性水平0.05.结论:两种方法的定量结果一致,但GC/MS/SIM法灵敏度更高,定性更准确,GC/MS/SIM法更适合无烟气烟草制品中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇、三甘醇的定性定量分析.     

葵花籽中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

对葵花籽中脂肪酸的组成和含量进行测定。采用索氏提取法提取其脂肪酸,再进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行了分离和鉴定。由葵花籽中分离鉴定出4种脂肪酸,脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸。     

Essential and trace elements content of commercial infant foods in the UK

There is a paucity of data in respect of the nutritional quality of complementary foods for infants and young children aged between 6 and 12 months. The primary objective of this study was to examine nutritive values of such complementary infant food on the UK market in order to ascertain their suitability relative to dietary guidelines for the 6–9 months age group. Quantitative analyses were conducted on eight different products representing four popular brands (meat and vegetable based) currently on sale in the UK. Eight major mineral and trace elements, namely: calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium and selenium were measured by ICP–OES and ICP–MS. The results of these studies were referenced to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) values for 6–9 months old children, and a menu of entire daily intake of minerals and trace elements was composed taking into consideration the nutrient and energy intake from milk consumption. Based on these comparisons, all the food samples studied in this work contained less essential minerals than expected from the RNI values except for potassium in meat and vegetable based recipes. These results suggest that commercial complementary infant foods on the UK market may not contain the minimum levels of minerals required for the labelling declaration of micronutrient content (Commission Directive 2006/125/EC). This provides opportunities and scope for product optimisation to improve their nutritive value.     

Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts

We investigated the metabolic profile and biological activities of the essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that oxygen-containing monoterpenes was the principal group of compounds identified in the essential oil. Camphor (40.6%) and fenchone (38.0%) were found as the major constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculata polar extracts were the most efficient free-radical scavengers, Fe²⁺ chelators and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, while the essential oil was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. Our results reveal that the subspecies of L. pedunculata studied is a potential source of active metabolites with a positive effect on human health.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中黄曲霉毒素B1和M1的方法研究

应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术（UPLC-MS/MS）,在多反应离子检测（MRM）方式下对食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和M1（AFM1）污染量进行检测.样品经乙腈-水混合试剂提取,中性氧化铝柱净化,经Agilem ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱（100 mm×4.6 mm,1.8 μm）,以甲醇和10 mmol/L NH4Ac溶液（含0.1％的甲酸）为流动相洗脱分离,以MRM方式进行定量分析.AFB1和AFM1分别在0.12～6.12 μg/L和0.11～2.28 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相对标准偏差（RSD）＜5％,加标回收率为81.3％～97.2％.该方法具有低成本、准确、快速、简便、灵敏度高等优点,可满足我国对AFB1和AFM1检测限要求.     

基于气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法检测植物源食品中多农药残留的文献计量学分析

目的了解植物源性食品中农药残留现状、国内外检测农残的常用方法及其发展动态。方法基于中国知网、维普、万方和Pub Med数据,检索2010.01.01—2020.04.25期间发表的采用气相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱法(gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)检测植物源性食品中多农药残留的相关文献。应用Note Express3.2.0和Ucinet6.645、NetDraw2.162等对文献进行计量学分析。结果共纳入455篇文献。近10年文献的年发表量呈上升趋势;文献以期刊论文为主,且研究单位合作不太紧密。高频关键词为农药残留、气相色谱-串联质谱和QuEChERS等。结论近10年来对于多农药残留的检测是目前研究的一大方向,且大多采用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法,该检测方法的研究也在不断地深入,逐渐趋于成熟。     

Comparison and Characterization of Compounds with Antioxidant Activity in Lycium barbarum Using High‐Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Coupled with DPPH Bioautography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Methanol extracts from 50 batches of Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum, wolfberry) in China were compared and characterized using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography coupled with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bioautography (HPTLC‐DPPH) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS), respectively. Results showed that similar components occupying the major antioxidant activity existed in L. barbarum collected from different origins. However, the average antioxidant capacities of methanol extracts of L. barbarum collected in Ningxia were significantly higher than those of Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu, which may contribute to rational use of L. barbarum in China. Furthermore, the chemical structure of compound with the highest antioxidant capacity was tentatively identified as 2‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐l ‐ascorbic acid using ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis, which possessed high potentials to be used as an antioxidant biomarker for the quality control of L. barbarum. Results are helpful for the bioactivity‐based quality control of L. barbarum, and beneficial for the improvement of their performance in functional/health foods area, suggesting that HPTLC‐DPPH bioautography with ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS could be used as a routine approach for quality control of antioxidant components in L. barbarum.