TRD工法水泥土墙现场取芯的三轴渗透试验

为提高TRD工法在国内的应用水平,通过对天津市某基坑项目TRD水泥土墙进行现场取芯,在实验室内进行三轴渗透试验,得出水泥土墙在不同水泥掺入比条件下的芯样渗透系数曲线、不同养护龄期条件下芯样的渗透特性关系和不同土层条件下的芯样渗透系数对比,并分析产生上述曲线关系的原因,得出满足基坑止水要求的水泥经济掺入比和合理的养护龄期,给出了不同龄期下TRD水泥土墙渗透系数与水泥掺入比的经验公式.结果表明,TRD工法优于传统的SM W工法.     

溶洞对隧道(洞)稳定性影响的数值试验及现场监测分析

依托武都水库的导流隧洞工程建设,就既有岩溶溶洞对隧道(洞)稳定性的影响进行了跟踪现场施工的动态监测及数值模拟分析,就不同位置及尺寸的既有溶洞对隧道(洞)围岩受力、变形以及支护结构的受力特性的变化进行了深入研究.既有溶洞影响的数值模拟和现场监测分析表明:受顶部既有岩溶溶洞的影响,隧道(洞)围岩的变形特性明显不同于无溶洞时的变形特性,其围岩超前掌子面的先期变形量增加,即围岩位移具有明显的超前释放性.就变形量而言,当既有溶洞的尺寸大于隧洞最大跨度时,既有顶部溶洞将引起隧道(洞)顶拱沉降位移的减小,而当既有溶洞尺寸大于隧道(洞)的最大尺寸时,隧道(洞)顶拱位移反而增加.同时,既有顶部溶洞将引起隧道(洞)水平收敛位移的增加,且位移的增加量随着既有溶洞尺寸的增加而随之增加.隧道(洞)边墙附近的既有侧边溶洞的出现将引起隧道(洞)水平收敛位移的增加,且位移的增加量随着既有溶洞尺寸的增加而增加.就支护结构受力特性而言,隧道(洞)边墙附近的既有溶洞的存在造成隧道(洞)近溶洞一侧喷层轴力的减小,而远离溶洞一侧喷层轴力的增加.     

SO_4~(2-)改性对Ce、Ti基催化剂NH_3-SCR脱硝性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了几种不同的金属氧化物催化剂(Ce-Pr-Ox、Ce-Y-Ox、Ti-PrOx、Ti-Y-Ox、Ti-Al-Ox),并对其进行了硫酸盐改性.实验同时考察了SO2-4改性对催化剂氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)活性和催化剂结构组成的影响.经SO2-4改性的催化剂,NOx转化率在低温和高温均有显著提高,其中,活性最好的Ce-Pr-Ox在350~500℃范围内转化率接近100%.XRD、IR分析结果表明,催化剂经硫酸盐改性后,催化剂出现了结晶态硫酸盐;催化剂中存在M-SO2-4(M=Al,Pr和Y)键,表明了金属氧化物与硫酸盐发生了相互作用.而经SO2-4改性后催化剂优越的SCR脱硝性能与催化剂酸性位点增加密切相关.     

瞬态瑞雷波法在建筑场地类型及类别勘察中的应用

瞬态瑞雷波法是一种较新的技术,在工程勘察中有着广泛的应用,在建筑场地勘察中,瞬态瑞雷波法能快速地提供地层的剪切波速度,评价建筑场地类型及类别。本文介绍了几个典型的应用实例,展示了瞬态瑞雷波法典型的原始记录,同时指出在瞬态瑞雷波法应用的优势和不足。     

Competitive Cr3+ occupation in persistent phosphors toward tunable traps distribution for dynamic anti-counterfeiting

Red/near infrared (NIR) long persistent phosphors have received extensive attentions in biomedical, food inspection, iris recognition, biological imaging, etc. Herein, a new phosphor, Li₂ZnGe₃O₈:Cr³⁺, is reported with deep red persistent luminescence peaking at 708 nm. By adjusting the Cr³⁺ doping concentration, the competitive site occupation at [ZnO6] and [GeO6] polyhedral enables different traps behaviors including trap types, trap concentration and trap depth, which in turn leads to different afterglow duration time from 2 to 20 h. The persistent luminescence mechanisms originated from different trap models have been discussed, and it is found that they can cooperate or inhibit each other, enabling different luminescence depending on time. The dynamic anti-counterfeiting applications have been demonstrated, which provides a new way to rationally designing for multi-functional luminescent materials.     

日照苏家村遗址出土钱山漾文化陶鬶的产地研究

日照苏家村遗址位于鲁东南沿海地区,是大汶口文化晚期至龙山文化早中期一处重要的环濠聚落。该遗址新出土的钱山漾文化细长颈袋足鬶(M45:5)作为目前已知南方系陶鬶布最北的一件,揭示出公元前2300年前后中国南北方的区域文化交流。本文通过对苏家村出土钱山漾文化红陶鬶、其他龙山文化红陶鬶及部分苏家村黑陶的主、微量元素分析,结合主成分分析揭示了苏家村本地生产钱山漾文化红陶鬶的可能性,表明龙山文化早中期的制陶业的发展可能伴随着南方系制陶工匠的迁徙。     

基于SLS原型的快速(重力)铸造工艺

结合SLS快速成形和铸造工艺可以实现金属零件的快速铸造.根据原型材料可熔融和烧失的特性,制定了类似于熔模铸造的快速铸造工艺方案.讨论了快速金属铸件的特点,对快速铸造工艺提出了成功率高、成形性好和性能较高的要求.分析了面向金属零件快速铸造的重力铸造工艺并以实例说明,顶注式浇注系统适用于结构简单且高度不大的快速零件,而阶梯式浇注系统适用于中大型和复杂程度较高的铸件.     

Solid-solution hardening and softening by Fe additions to NiAl

Solid-solution hardening in the case of a ternary alloy addition to a B2 compound with the triple defect structure has been investigated. The fact that the ternary element may occupy either of two sublattices or may affect the concentration of other types of point defects present in the material makes this a very interesting problem to consider. Ni-rich (40 at% Al), stoichiometric (50 at% Al), and Al-rich (52 at% Al) alloys were doped with up to 12 at% Fe. Lattice parameter, bulk density and hardness measurements were performed on samples quenched from 1000 °C. It was found that solid-solution softening actually occurs in the Ni-rich alloys, while hardening was observed in the stoichiometric and Al-rich alloys. The vacancy concentration was determined from the experimental data, and the site occupancies of the Fe atoms were estimated from a thermodynamic model. Through careful consideration of all point defect concentrations the solid-solution hardening and softening behaviors could be effectively rationalized.     

超精密加工伺服系统滑模控制技术研究

为实现超精密加工伺服系统高精度跟踪控制，建立了交流水磁同步电机伺服系统模型，研究了带扰动观测器补偿的滑模变结构控制方法，仿真结果表明，该控制策略有效地抑制了负载扰动引起的抖振，对参数波动也有较强的适应能力，可以有效地提高系统的跟踪特性。     

Fuzzy adaptive networks in machining process modeling: surface roughness prediction for turning operations

Due to the complexity of the machine tool structure and the cutting process, the dynamics of machining processes are still not completely understood. This is especially true due to the demand of high-speed machining to increase productivity. In order to model and control these complex processes, new approaches, which can represent complex phenomenon combined with learning ability, are needed. The combined neural–fuzzy approach appears to be ideally suited for this purpose. In this paper, the recently developed fuzzy adaptive network (FAN) is used to model surface roughness in turning operations. The FAN network has both the learning ability of neural network and linguistic representation of complex, not well-understood, vague phenomenon. Furthermore, it can continuously improve the initially obtained rough model based on the daily operating data. To illustrate this approach, a model representing the influences of machining parameters on surface roughness is established and then the model is verified by the use of the results of pilot experiments. Finally, a comparison with the results based on statistical regression is provided.