Mixing characterisation of full-scale membrane bioreactors: CFD modelling with experimental validation

Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) have been successfully used in aerobic biological wastewater treatment to solve the perennial problem of effective solids-liquid separation. The optimisation of MBRs requires knowledge of the membrane fouling, biokinetics and mixing. However, research has mainly concentrated on the fouling and biokinetics (Ng and Kim, 2007). Current methods of design for a desired flow regime within MBRs are largely based on assumptions (e.g. complete mixing of tanks) and empirical techniques (e.g. specific mixing energy). However, it is difficult to predict how sludge rheology and vessel design in full-scale installations affects hydrodynamics, hence overall performance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides a method for prediction of how vessel features and mixing energy usage affect the hydrodynamics. In this study, a CFD model was developed which accounts for aeration, sludge rheology and geometry (i.e. bioreactor and membrane module). This MBR CFD model was then applied to two full-scale MBRs and was successfully validated against experimental results. The effect of sludge settling and rheology was found to have a minimal impact on the bulk mixing (i.e. the residence time distribution).     

煤层高压注水渗透特性试验研究

为了研究不同孔隙水压对煤岩渗透特性的影响规律,利用MTS电液伺服岩石试验系统对深部矿井的煤岩试件进行了不同孔隙水压、尤其是高孔隙水压下的煤岩渗透特性试验。结果表明:渗透率以及体积应变曲线具有较好的一致性,均呈现U字形走势;而在外界条件一定的情况下,孔隙水压对渗透性能以及体积应变的作用效果与该煤岩孔隙水压临界阈值有关,高于临界阈值的孔隙水压对煤岩渗透性能起到数倍于低孔隙水压时的改善作用。此外,孔隙水压对煤岩强度极限亦有重要影响,且孔隙水压愈高,煤岩的破坏强度极限愈低,扩容效果愈明显,渗透率峰值亦愈加后延。研究结果对利用高孔隙水压改善煤岩渗透性能、提高煤层注水防灾效果具一定指导意义。     

单元式幕墙设计原理判断优劣

随着行业交流地扩大及设计师地流动,幕墙设计的相似度越来越高,既相互影响又相互借鉴。尽管所用之体系均归类于横滑式单元系统,但因不同厂家对单元式幕墙的理解不同,因此所设计出的产品也迴异。本文对市场上比较流行的两类作法进行剖析比对,从单元式幕墙的设计原理、加工特性着手,比较两种作法的优劣,使设计师能够有选择性地使用水密、气密性能更高的产品。     

Polyethylene/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging Modified with Magnetite and Casein: Oxygen Barrier,Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

Polyethylene (PE) was modified and prepared as double-layer polyethylene/polycaprolactone (PE/PCL) film. Magnetite and casein were added to the PCL-coating film to improve barrier properties and prevent destruction of basic structure of primary polymer PE. Significant improvements were observed with regards to mechanical (tensile strength, elongation at break) and thermal properties, while barrier (O₂ permeability) properties were slightly improved. Overall migration values into acetic acid were lower (from 1 to 4.6 mg/dm²) than the upper limit set by the legislation. Specific migration of iron in PE/PCL-Fe samples is also below (µg/L) specific migration limit value set by the legislation (mg/kg).     

TNFSF15 Inhibits Blood Retinal Barrier Breakdown Induced by Diabetes

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) is an endogenous neovascularization inhibitor and an important negative regulator of vascular homeostasis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of TNFSF15 in diabetic retinopathy. Vitreous TNFSF15 and VEGF levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients were detected by ELISA. Retinal expression of TNFSF15 and the content of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. The blood retinal barrier (BRB) permeability was evaluated using Evans Blue (EB) dye. The TNFSF15/VEGF ratio was decreased in the vitreous fluid of patients with PDR relative to the controls, even though the expression levels of TNFSF15 were higher. TNFSF15 was dramatically decreased one month later after diabetes induction (p < 0.001), and then increased three months later and thereafter. TNFSF15 treatment significantly protected the BRB in the diabetic animals. Diabetes decreased TJPs levels in the retina, and these changes were inhibited by TNFSF15 treatment. Moreover, TNFSF15 decreased activation of VEGF both in mRNA and protein levels caused by diabetes. These results indicate that TNFSF15 is an important inhibitor in the progression of DR and suggest that the regulation of TNFSF15 shows promise for the development of diabetic retinopathy treatment strategies.     

深厚表土底部含水层疏水沉降试验及数值模拟研究

通过对19个砂土试样实施的疏排水渗透和沉降均匀设计试验，得出：渗透系数与有效应力之间呈现指数型的衰减变化规律；侧限条件下的压缩模量与水压降呈正相关关系，有效应力越大，压缩模量越大。用大分层和小分层相结合的方法来处理疏排水沉降的差分格式所编写的程序计算表明：数值模拟结果与试验结果有很高的拟合程度，该方法用于疏排水沉降量的计算是可靠的；理论公式应用于疏排水沉降量的计算将导致疏排水初期计算结果偏小，疏排水后期计算结果偏大。     

节理网络模拟研究及其初步应用

本文针对节理岩体进行了二维与三维节理网络模拟研究。基于随机节理网络系统的连通性分析,得出了复杂连通节理网络系统的岩体等效渗透系数的一般表达式。同时,利用三维节理网络模拟,建立了包含随机非贯穿节理的节理网络系统的岩体本构关系,并分析了影响岩体弹性变形性状的因素。     

用液膜技术分离模拟海洋锰结核浸出液中的钴和镍

本文研究了采用以EHPNA(P507)为流动载体的Span—80表面活性刺膜分离Co(Ⅰ)、Ni(Ⅰ)的最好效果,其分离系数βCo╱N_1=133,并且讨论了该液膜分离Co(Ⅰ)、Ni(Ⅰ)的条件以及从模拟海洋锰结核漫取液中提取Co(Ⅰ),Ni(Ⅰ)的效果。     

中线法筑坝加高改造技术

本文介绍了太钢峨口铁矿经三年多的时间进行了大量勘察、试验研究工作，确定用中线法筑坝加高改造尾矿库，解决了克建新尾矿库的技术课题，取得了很大经济效益和社会效益。